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. 2023 Feb 28;78(1):297-303.
doi: 10.22092/ARI.2022.358960.2347. eCollection 2023 Feb.

Antifungal Activity of Phenols Compound Separated from Quercus infectoria and Citrullus colocynthis against Toxic Fungi

S W Kadium  1 , E Abd Al-Raouf Ammar Semysim  1 , R A Sahib  1
Affiliations

Antifungal Activity of Phenols Compound Separated from Quercus infectoria and Citrullus colocynthis against Toxic Fungi

S W Kadium et al. Arch Razi Inst. .

Abstract

Penicillium expansum is one of the most harmful post-harvest fungal pathogens. Aspergillus flavus is a saprotrophic fungal organism with broad distribution, producing mycotoxins that are toxic to humans and animals. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of phenolic alcohol extract for the dry plants Oak (Quercus infectoria Oliv) and Bitter Melon (Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad). Three concentrations of phenolic alcohol extract of Oak and Bitter Melon (100, 200 and 300 mg/mL) have been prepared against two fungi, Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus flavus. The results showed that all three concentrations of phenolic extracts gave antifungal activity, and the percentage inhibition of diameter growth (PIDG) increased with increasing concentrations. The C. colocynthis extract gave the highest average of PIDG (38.29%), followed by Q. infectoria with an average of PIDG (34.13%) against P. expansum and A. flavus. The A. flavus fungus experienced more potent inhibition, with an average of PIDG (49.05%), than P. expansum, with an average PIDG of (23.37%). The results showed that the C. colocynthis extract gave the highest PIDG (70.7±3.90), followed by Q. infectoria with PIDG (31.1±3.335) at a concentration of (300 mg/mL) on P. expansum. While the results for phenolic extracts of C.colocynthis and Q. infectoria on A. flavus showed that the antifungal activity of C. colocynthis extract had the highest PIDG (72.09±4.10) followed by Q. infectoria with PIDG (62.49±3.63) at a concentration of (300 mg/mL). We concluded that the phenolic extracts of Q. infectoria galls and C. colocynthis fruit showed inhibitory activity against two toxin-producing fungi, P. expanisum and A. flavus.

Keywords: Phytotherapy; Plant extract; Aspergillus flavus; Citrullus; Penicillium; Quercus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PIDG of Quercus infectoria and Citrullus colocynthis extracts against different concentrations of Penicillium expansum
Figure 2
Figure 2
PIDG of Quercus infectoria and Citrullus colocynthis extracts towards different concentrations of Aspergillus flavus
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of the best percentage inhibition of diameter growth of both Quercus infectoria and Citrullus colocynthis on Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus flavus The values are reported as mean±standard deviation (n=3), highly significant***, slightly significant**, significant* NS: not significant at P≤0.05 by Two-way ANOVA
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