Preliminary experience with synchronized coronary sinus retroperfusion in humans

Abstract

Synchronized coronary sinus retroperfusion (SCSR) with arterial blood has been extensively tested in animals. This intervention offers temporary support to areas of ischemic myocardium while a method of definitive revascularization is being sought. The feasibility and safety of this procedure for patients with unstable angina was therefore tested. A No. 7F autoinflatable retroperfusion balloon catheter (USCI) was inserted percutaneously into the coronary sinus of the study patients. Arterial blood was obtained through a No. 8F catheter placed in the femoral artery. Arterial blood was infused in a retrograde fashion into the coronary venous system during cardiac diastole by means of a piston-driven pump that was electrocardiographically synchronized with the drainage of the venous system during systole. This procedure was performed in five patients with unstable angina refractory to maximum medical therapy. SCSR significantly decreased the frequency of anginal episodes and the requirement for antianginal medications. SCSR also provided time for patient stabilization before diagnostic cardiac catheterization or therapeutic intervention. This preliminary experience suggests that synchronized coronary sinus retroperfusion is a feasible and safe procedure. It can be performed at the bedside with no apparent adverse effects to the patient. Retroperfusion also appears to be effective in relieving ischemic symptoms as assessed by clinical parameters. Based on our preliminary experience, further delineation of its clinical applications is warranted.