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. 2023 May 25;35(1):71-134.
doi: 10.37616/2212-5043.1334. eCollection 2023.

2023 National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association Focused Update of the 2019 Saudi Heart Association Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure

Waleed Al Habeeb  1 , Adel Tash  2   3 , Abdelfatah Elasfar  4   5 , Ali Almasood  6 , Abeer Bakhsh  7 , Fayez Elshaer  8   9   10   11 , Fakhr Al Ayoubi  12   13 , Kamal Waheeb AIghalayini  14 , Maryam Mohammed AlQaseer  15 , Mosaad Alhussein  16   17   18 , Osama Almogbel  19   20 , Shukri Merza AlSaif  21 , Yahia AlHebeshi  7
Affiliations

2023 National Heart Center/Saudi Heart Association Focused Update of the 2019 Saudi Heart Association Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure

Waleed Al Habeeb et al. J Saudi Heart Assoc. .

Abstract

Background: The burden of cardiovascular diseases is undeniable in local populations, who have high mortality rates and a young age of disease onset. A systematic review of emerging evidence and update of the Saudi Heart Association (SHA) 2019 heart failure (HF) guidelines was therefore undertaken.

Methodology: A panel of expert cardiologists reviewed recommendations of the 2019 guidelines following the Saudi Heart Association methodology for guideline recommendations. When needed, the panel provided updated and new recommendations endorsed by the national heart council that are appropriate for clinical practice and local resources in Saudi Arabia.

Recommendations and conclusion: The focused update describes the appropriate use of clinical assessment as well as invasive and non-invasive modalities for the classification and diagnosis of HF. The prevention of HF was emphasized by expanding on both primary and secondary prevention approaches. Pharmacological treatment of HF was supplemented with recommendations on newer therapies, such as SGLT-2 inhibitors. Recommendations were also provided on the management of patients with cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular co-morbidities, with a focus on cardio-oncology and pregnancy. Updated clinical algorithms were included in support of HF management in both the acute and chronic settings. The implementation of this focused update on HF management in clinical practice is expected to lead to improved patient outcomes by providing evidence-based comprehensive guidance for practitioners in Saudi Arabia.

Keywords: Diagnosis; Focused update; Heart failure; NHC/SHA clinical practice guidelines; Prevention; Saudi Arabia; Surgery; Therapeutics.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest None declared.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Algorithm for the diagnosis of HF.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Algorithm for the pharmacological management of HFrEF.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Algorithm for CRT in HF patients.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Management of secondary mitral regurgitation.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Algorithm on the management of suspected acute heart failure.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Management of acute heart failure.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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