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. 2023 Apr 3;11(6):2751-2766.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3254. eCollection 2023 Jun.

Mycotoxins in milk: Occurrence and evaluation of certain detoxification attempts

Nesrine H Youssef  1   2 , Mohamed H El Gammal  3 , Hayman A A Altaie  4 , Alaa Qadhi  5 , Vincenzo Tufarelli  6 , Caterina Losacco  6 , Mohamed E Abd El-Hack  7 , Nader R Abdelsalam  8
Affiliations

Mycotoxins in milk: Occurrence and evaluation of certain detoxification attempts

Nesrine H Youssef et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

Milk contaminated with mycotoxins is a significant issue affecting human health, especially in infants. The current study aimed to investigate the presence of mycotoxins in milk collected from women farmers' vendors (WFV), and to evaluate certain herbal plant fibers as green mycotoxin binders. Moreover, explore the binding efficiency ratios of mycotoxins using shaking or soaking process incorporated with herbal extracts. Furthermore, compare the taste evaluations of tested milk are enriched with herbal extracts. Results indicated that the fumonisins were not detected in the collected cow milk samples but realized a 25% occurrence ratio in buffalo's milk samples. A high occurrence ratio of aflatoxin M1 (aflaM1) was observed in buffalo and cow milk samples. The soaking process of plant fibers in contaminated milk overnight significantly degrades and adsorbs mycotoxins particles. The shacking process incorporated with plant fibers exhibited more effectiveness in mycotoxins degradation than soaking or shacking processes alone. The speed of shacking process played an important role in the mycotoxin's binding process. All the tested plant fibers effectively reduced all mycotoxin presence in contaminated milk, especially green tea, during the soaking or shacking process. Moreover, the shacking process incorporated with plant fibers promoted and supported the mycotoxins degradation process.

Keywords: milk; mycotoxins; plant fibers bio‐binders; shacking; soaking.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest in this paper.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Effect of shacking speed on the binding process of aflatoxin M1 (aflaM1) in milk samples. BM, buffalo milk, BMSHP200, buffalo milk treated with shacking speed 200 rpm; BMSHP500, buffalo milk treated with shacking speed 500 rpm; CM, cow milk; CMSHP200, cow milk treated with shacking speed 200 rpm; CMSHP500, cow milk treated with shacking speed 500 rpm.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Effect of shacking speed on the binding process of cyclopiazonic acid (CYA, ppb) in milk samples. BM, buffalo milk, BMSHP200, buffalo milk treated with shacking speed 200 rpm; BMSHP500, buffalo milk treated with shacking speed 500 rpm; CM, cow milk; CMSHP200, cow milk treated with shacking speed 200 rpm; CMSHP500, cow milk treated with shacking speed 500 rpm.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Effect of shacking speed on the binding process of zearalenone (Zear, ppb) in milk samples. BM, buffalo milk, BMSHP200, buffalo milk treated with shacking speed 200 rpm; BMSHP500, buffalo milk treated with shacking speed 500 rpm; CM, cow milk; CMSHP200, cow milk treated with shacking speed 200 rpm; CMSHP500, cow milk treated with shacking speed 500 rpm.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Effect of shacking speed on binding process of diacetoxyscirpenol (Dias, ppb) in milk samples. BM, buffalo milk, BMSHP200, buffalo milk treated with shacking speed 200 rpm; BMSHP500, buffalo milk treated with shacking speed 500 rpm; CM, cow milk; CMSHP200, cow milk treated with shacking speed 200 rpm; CMSHP500, cow milk treated with shacking speed 500 rpm.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Effect of shacking speed on binding process of deoxynivalenol (Dias, ppb) in milk samples. BM, buffalo milk, BMSHP200, buffalo milk treated with shacking speed 200 rpm; BMSHP500, buffalo milk treated with shacking speed 500 rpm; CM, cow milk; CMSHP200, cow milk treated with shacking speed 200 rpm; CMSHP500, cow milk treated with shacking speed 500 rpm.
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