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. 2023 Mar 8;11(6):3279-3286.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.3310. eCollection 2023 Jun.

Individual nutrients and serum klotho levels in adults aged 40-79 years

Sergej M Ostojic  1 , Elisabet R Hillesund  1 , Nina C Øverby  1 , Frøydis N Vik  1 , Anine C Medin  1
Affiliations

Individual nutrients and serum klotho levels in adults aged 40-79 years

Sergej M Ostojic et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

Several dietary factors (including adherence to the Mediterranean diet or higher nut intake) seem to positively affect circulating antiaging Klotho protein levels; yet, a description of possible relationships between individual nutrients and Klotho activity has not been evaluated. We analyzed the association of dietary intake of individual macro- and micronutrients and nonnutritive food components with circulating Klotho levels in a sample of 40- to 79-year-old US adults. Data from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Nutrient/food component intakes were calculated in relation to total energy intake using the nutrient density method, and available pristine serum samples were analyzed for serum Klotho concentrations. The final study sample consisted of 2637 participants (mean age 59.0 ± 10.7 years; 52% women). Higher Klotho concentrations were found with higher intake of carbohydrates (p < .001), total sugars (p < .001), dietary fibers (p < .001), vitamin D (p = .05), total folates (p = .015), and copper (p = .018). The results of the regression analysis with a crude model showed significant associations among five nutrients/food components (carbohydrates, alcohol, total sugars, dietary fibers, and niacin) and soluble Klotho levels across the sample. After adjusting the models for age and gender, the nutrient/food component-Klotho association remained significant for carbohydrates, total sugars, and alcohol (p < .05). Dietary exposure to individual nutrients and nonnutritive food components appears to be associated with Klotho activity; however, additional research is needed to investigate the relationship between cause and effect in diet composition-Klotho interplay.

Keywords: NHANES; aging; alcohol; carbohydrates; dietary exposure; klotho.

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Conflict of interest statement

Sergej M. Ostojic serves as a member of the Scientific Advisory Board on creatine in health and medicine (AlzChem LLC). Sergej M. Ostojic owns the patent “Supplements Based on Liquid Creatine” at European Patent Office (WO2019150323 A1), and the patent “Methods and Compositions for Improving a Response to a Metabolic Stress” at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (US 2015/0150933 A1). Sergej M. Ostojic has served as a speaker at Abbott Nutrition and has received research funding related to nutrition during the past 36 months from the World Health Organization, Serbian Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development, Provincial Secretariat for Higher Education and Scientific Research, Allied Beverages Adriatic, AlzChem GmbH, ThermoLife International, Hueston Hennigan, HRW Natural Health Products Inc, Aktivátor Kft, and CarnoMed. Sergej M. Ostojic does not own stocks and shares in any organization. Elisabet R. Hillesund, Nina C. Øverby, Frøydis N. Vik, and Anine C. Medin declare no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the authorship of this paper.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Histogram of serum Klotho levels in U.S. adults aged 40–79 years (n = 2637).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Mean serum Klotho concentrations across quartiles for intakes of carbohydrates (% of energy), total sugars (g/1000 kcal/day), dietary fibers (g/1000 kcal/day), vitamin D (mcg/1000 kcal/d), and calcium (mg/1000 kcal/d). The dietary intakes per quartile are depicted inside the bars for each nutrient. Error bars are removed for clarity. Rounded lines mark significant differences between quartiles at p < .05.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Simple (crude) regression models with significant association (p < .05) between specific nutrients/food components and serum Klotho levels in U.S. adults aged 40–79 years.
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