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. 2023 Jun 16;13(1):9770.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36252-8.

Multi-method evaluation of a 2-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)pyrrolidine corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl: combining gravimetric, electrochemical, and DFT approaches

Ahmed Al-Amiery  1   2 , Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak  3 , Waleed Khalid Al-Azzawi  4
Affiliations

Multi-method evaluation of a 2-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)pyrrolidine corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl: combining gravimetric, electrochemical, and DFT approaches

Ahmed Al-Amiery et al. Sci Rep. .

Erratum in

Abstract

The corrosion inhibition properties of 2-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)pyrrolidine (2-TP) on mild steel in a 1 M HCl solution were investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit potential (OCP) measurements. In addition, DFT calculations were performed on 2-TP. The polarization curves revealed that 2-TP is a mixed-type inhibitor. The results indicate that 2-TP is an effective inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in a 1.0 M HCl solution, with an inhibition efficiency of 94.6% at 0.5 mM 2-TP. The study also examined the impact of temperature, revealing that the inhibition efficiency increases with an increasing concentration of 2-TP and decreases with a rise in temperature. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the mild steel surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the free energy value indicated that the adsorption of 2-TP is a spontaneous process that involves both physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms. The DFT calculations showed that the adsorption of 2-TP on the mild steel surface is mainly through the interaction of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of the thiadiazole ring with the metal surface. The results obtained from the weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, EIS and OCP measurements were in good agreement with each other and confirmed the effectiveness of 2-TP as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential use of 2-TP as a corrosion inhibitor in acid environments.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The chemical structure of 2-TP.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Influence of exposure time and concentration on the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency of 2-TP on Mild Steel in 1 M HCl.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Influence of Temperature and concentration on the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency of 2-TP on Mild Steel in 1 M HCl.
Figure 4
Figure 4
2-TP plot of Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Figure 5
Figure 5
2-TP plot of Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
Figure 6
Figure 6
2-TP plot of Temkin adsorption isotherm.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Arrhenius plot of ln CR against 1/T for mild steel with the addition of various of 2-TP after 5 h of exposure time.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Transition state plot of In (CR/T) against 1/T for mild steel with the addition of various of 2-TP after 5 h of exposure time.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) Nyquist plots for mild steel in untreated and treated solutions at 303 K, (b) Equivalent circuit model utilised to fit impedance data in in untreated and treated solutions.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Bode plots of mild steel in 1 M HCl and with different concentrations of 2-TP.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The open circuit potential of mild steel in 1.0 M HCl at 303 K as a function of inhibitor concentration.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves of Mild Steel in Untreated and Treated HCl Solution at 303 K.
Figure 13
Figure 13
SEM images of the metallic substrate surface after 5 h of exposure in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution (a) without and (b) with the addition of 2-TP.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Energy diagram for 2-TP.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Mulliken charges of 2-TP atoms.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Suggested inhibition mechanism.
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