Determination of safe levels and toxic levels for feed hazardous materials in broiler chickens: a review

Abstract

Feed safety is needed to produce and provide safe animal feeds for consumers, animals, and the environment. Although feed safety regulations have been set for each country, there is a lack of clear feed safety regulations for each livestock. Feed safety regulations are mainly focused on heavy metals, mycotoxins, and pesticides. Each country has different safe levels of hazardous materials in diets. Safe levels of hazardous materials in diets are mostly set for mixed diets of general livestock. Although there is a difference in the metabolism of toxic materials among animals, the safe level of feed is not specific for individual animals. Therefore, standardized animal testing methods and toxicity studies for each animal are needed to determine the correct safe and toxic levels of hazardous materials in diets. If this goal is achieved, it will be possible to improve livestock productivity, health, and product safety by establishing appropriate feed safety regulations. It will also provide an opportunity to secure consumer confidence in feed and livestock products. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a scientific feed safety evaluation system suitable for each country's environment. The chance of outbreaks of new hazardous materials is increasing. Thus, to set up appropriate toxic levels or safe levels in feed, various toxicity methods have been used to determine toxic levels of hazardous materials for humans and animals. Appropriate toxic testing methods should be developed and used to accurately set up and identify toxicity and safe levels in food and feed.

Keywords: Broiler chicken; Feed safety; Heavy metal; Mycotoxin; Pesticide; Toxicity.

Fig. 1.. Linear regression analyses to set the safe level of the hazardous materials in diets.

The equation of linear regression analysis was Y = aX + b, where X is hazardous material concentrations and Y is hazardous material concentrations in animal products.

Fig. 2.. The one-slope broken-line analysis of body weight gain (BWG) at different concentrations of hazardous materials in diets.

The equation of one-slope broken-line analysis was Y = L + U × (X – R), where L is the maximum value of BWG (asymptote), U is the slope, X is hazardous material concentration in diets, and R is the toxic level of hazardous materials in diets (breakpoint x value).