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. 2023 Jun 19;13(1):9931.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37188-9.

Recovery of fuel from real waste oily sludge via a new eco-friendly surfactant material used in a digital baffle batch extraction unit

Jasim I Humadi  1 , Saad A Jafar  1 , Nisreen S Ali  2 , Mustafa A Ahmed  3 , Mohammed J Mzeed  1 , Raheem J Al-Salhi  1 , Noori M Cata Saady  4 , Hasan Sh Majdi  5 , Sohrab Zendehboudi  4 , Talib M Albayati  6
Affiliations

Recovery of fuel from real waste oily sludge via a new eco-friendly surfactant material used in a digital baffle batch extraction unit

Jasim I Humadi et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

This study focused on developing a new cocktail extraction agent (CEA) composed of solvent and a new surfactant material (SM) for enhancing the efficiency of fuel recovery from real waste oil sludge (WSO). The effects of different solvents (e.g. methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), naphtha, petrol and kerosene), SMs (Dowfax and sodium thiosulfate), extraction time (10-20 min), extraction temperatures (20-60 °C) and CEA/sludge ratios (1-4) on the extraction performance were investigated. SMs and DBBE design enhanced the extraction efficiency by increasing the dispersion of solvent in WSO and enhancing the mixing and mass transfer rates. Results proved that Dowfax was the best SM for oil recovery under various conditions. The best CEA (e.g. MEK and Dowfax) provides the maximum fuel recovery rate of 97% at a period of 20 min, temperature of 60 °C and 4:1 CEA/sludge ratio. The produced fuel was analysed and fed to the distillation process to produce diesel oil. The characteristics of diesel oil were measured, and findings showed that it needs treatment processes prior its use as a finished fuel.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The chemical structures of surfactant materials.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Experimental setup of the DBBE unit.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Solvent extraction process with solvent recovery.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of CEA type on fuel recovery under the best experimental conditions (WSO/CEA ratio of 4, time of 20 min, and temperature of 60 °C).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of extraction time on fuel recovery under the best experimental conditions (WSO/CEA ratio of 4 and temperature of 60 °C).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of extraction temperature on fuel recovery under the best experimental conditions (WSO/CEA ratio of 4 and time of 20 min).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of CEA/WSO ratio on fuel recovery under the best experimental conditions (extraction time of 20 min and temperature of 60 °C).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effect of using SMs on fuel recovery under the best experimental conditions (CEA/WSO ratio of 4, extraction time of 20 min and temperature of 60 °C).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effect of CEA type on water separation under the best experimental conditions (WSO/CEA ratio of 4, time of 20 min, and temperature of 60 °C).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Effect of extraction time on water separation under the best experimental conditions (WSO/CEA ratio of 4 and temperature of 60 °C).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Effect of extraction temperature on water separation under the best experimental conditions (WSO/CEA ratio of 4 and time of 20 min).
Figure 12
Figure 12
Effect of CEA/WSO ratio on water separation under the best experimental conditions (extraction time of 20 min and temperature of 60 °C).
Figure 13
Figure 13
Effect of using SMs on water separation under the best experimental conditions (CEA/WSO ratio of 4, extraction time of 20 min and temperature of 60 °C).
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