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. 2023 Jun 19;13(1):9910.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37082-4.

Trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control: an 8-year follow-up study from rural North India

Imnameren Longkumer  1 , Suniti Yadav  1 , Sunanda Rajkumari  1 , Kallur Nava Saraswathy  2
Affiliations

Trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control: an 8-year follow-up study from rural North India

Imnameren Longkumer et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Hypertension is a major contributor to global CVD burden. LMICs including India is challenged with rising hypertension prevalence, yet limited studies are available on temporal change and incidence among community-cohorts. This study aimed to describe trends in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control over 8 years among a rural community-cohort from Haryana, India. The study also lends towards an analysis of incidence. Adults ≥ 30 years (N = 1542) recruited during baseline cross-sectional study between 2011 and 2014 were followed up after a median 8.1 years. At endline, demographic/lifestyle characteristics and blood pressure were re-examined. Overall median SBP significantly increased from 120 mmHg at baseline to 125.5 mmHg at endline (p < 0.001), while hypertension prevalence increased from 34.4% (95% CI 32.0-36.9) to 40.4% (95% CI 37.5-43.4) (p = 0.002). Age-standardized hypertension incidence was 30.2% (95% CI 26.7-35.2) over 8 years. Among hypertensive group, awareness, treatment, and control increased from 9.6, 8.8 and 5.0% to 31.8, 27.3 and 9.6% (p < 0.05), respectively. Increasing trend in SBP and hypertension prevalence was observed as the cohort ages. This increase is supported by the high incidence of hypertension. Nevertheless, our study highlights positive trends in hypertension care cascade but poor control, suggesting that this trend may not be adequately impactful to reduce hypertension burden.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart illustrating the formation of the study cohort.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Panel 1—KDP showing the change in SBP from baseline to endline; Panel 2—Median change in SBP from baseline to endline. (b) Panel 1—KDP showing the change in DBP from baseline to endline; Panel 2—Median change in DBP from baseline to endline. KDP kernel density plot; SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure; IQR interquartile range.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Endline awareness, treatment, and control among hypertensive group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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