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Review
. 2023 Jun 17;4(4):e291.
doi: 10.1002/mco2.291. eCollection 2023 Aug.

Application of stem cells in regeneration medicine

Ye Jin  1 , Shuangyang Li  1 , Qixuan Yu  1 , Tianli Chen  1 , Da Liu  1
Affiliations
Review

Application of stem cells in regeneration medicine

Ye Jin et al. MedComm (2020). .

Abstract

Regeneration is a complex process affected by many elements independent or combined, including inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Stem cells is a class of primitive cells with the potentiality of differentiation, regenerate with self-replication, multidirectional differentiation, and immunomodulatory functions. Stem cells and their cytokines not only inextricably linked to the regeneration of ectodermal and skin tissues, but also can be used for the treatment of a variety of chronic wounds. Stem cells can produce exosomes in a paracrine manner. Stem cell exosomes play an important role in tissue regeneration, repair, and accelerated wound healing, the biological properties of which are similar with stem cells, while stem cell exosomes are safer and more effective. Skin and bone tissues are critical organs in the body, which are essential for sustaining life activities. The weak repairing ability leads a pronounced impact on the quality of life of patients, which could be alleviated by stem cell exosomes treatment. However, there are obstacles that stem cells and stem cells exosomes trough skin for improved bioavailability. This paper summarizes the applications and mechanisms of stem cells and stem cells exosomes for skin and bone healing. We also propose new ways of utilizing stem cells and their exosomes through different nanoformulations, liposomes and nanoliposomes, polymer micelles, microspheres, hydrogels, and scaffold microneedles, to improve their use in tissue healing and regeneration.

Keywords: bone regeneration; exosomes; nanoformulations; skin regeneration; stem cells.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Stem cells, exosomes, and the role of stem cells in each step of the wound healing process.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Hematoma tissue is produced at the beginning of the fracture in schematic diagram of bone tissue regeneration, followed by an immune response. This process involves macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, and B cells, forming new blood vessels and bone. Finally, healing tissue is formed.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Nanopreparations of stem cells and their cytokines in regenerative medicine.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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