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Review
. 2023 May 26;15(5):369-384.
doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.369.

Stimulating factors for regulation of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Jia-Qi Zhou  1 , Hao-Yang Wan  1 , Zi-Xuan Wang  1 , Nan Jiang  2
Affiliations
Review

Stimulating factors for regulation of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Jia-Qi Zhou et al. World J Stem Cells. .

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), distributed in many tissues in the human body, are multipotent cells capable of differentiating in specific directions. It is usually considered that the differentiation process of MSCs depends on specialized external stimulating factors, including cell signaling pathways, cytokines, and other physical stimuli. Recent findings have revealed other underrated roles in the differentiation process of MSCs, such as material morphology and exosomes. Although relevant achievements have substantially advanced the applicability of MSCs, some of these regulatory mechanisms still need to be better understood. Moreover, limitations such as long-term survival in vivo hinder the clinical application of MSCs therapy. This review article summarizes current knowledge regarding the differentiation patterns of MSCs under specific stimulating factors.

Keywords: Chondrogenic; Differentiation; Literature review.; Mesenchymal stem cells; Osteogenic.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overview of stimulating factors in differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; IL: Interleukin; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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