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Review
. 2023 Jun 22:25:e28.
doi: 10.1017/erm.2023.18.

Toxicology of pharmaceutical and nutritional longevity compounds

Cigdem Kahraman  1 , Duygu Kaya Bilecenoglu  2 , Suna Sabuncuoglu  3 , Irem Tatli Cankaya  4
Affiliations
Review

Toxicology of pharmaceutical and nutritional longevity compounds

Cigdem Kahraman et al. Expert Rev Mol Med. .

Abstract

Aging is the most prominent risk factor for many diseases, which is considered to be a complicated biological process. The rate of aging depends on the effectiveness of important mechanisms such as the protection of DNA from free radicals, which protects the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues. In any organism, not all organs may age at the same rate. Slowing down primary aging and reaching maximum lifespan is the most basic necessity. In this process, it may be possible to slow down or stabilise some diseases by using the compounds for both dietary and pharmacological purposes. Natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, mostly plant-based nutraceuticals, are preferred in the treatment of age-related chronic diseases and can also be used for other diseases. An increasing number of long-term studies on synthetic and natural compounds aim to elucidate preclinically and clinically the mechanisms underlying being healthy and prolongation of life. To delay age-related diseases and prolong the lifespan, it is necessary to take these compounds with diet or pharmaceuticals, along with detailed toxicological results. In this review, the most promising and utilised compounds will be highlighted and it will be discussed whether they have toxic effects in short/long-term use, although they are thought to be used safely.

Keywords: Anti-aging compounds; astaxanthin; caffeine; curcumin; fucoxanthin; metformin; rapamycin; resveratrol; spermidine; α-lipoic acid.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The chemical structure of caffeine.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The chemical structure of metformin.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The chemical structure of fucoxanthin.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The chemical structure of spermidine.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
The chemical structure of rapamycin.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
The chemical structure of α-lipoic acid.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
The chemical structures of cis-resveratrol and trans-resveratrol.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
The chemical structure of astaxanthin.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
The chemical structure of curcumin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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