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. 2023 Jun 22;36(2):79-86.
doi: 10.4274/TurkJOrthod.2022.2022.92.

The Condylar Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Low-Level Laser Therapy and Grape Seed Extract on Functional Mandibular Advancement of the Rat Mandible

Merve Nur Eğlenen  1 , Mehmet İbrahim Tuğlu  2 , Işıl Aydemir  3 , Ayşegül Güleç  4
Affiliations

The Condylar Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Low-Level Laser Therapy and Grape Seed Extract on Functional Mandibular Advancement of the Rat Mandible

Merve Nur Eğlenen et al. Turk J Orthod. .

Abstract

Objective: Functional treatment of Class II malocclusion is expected to lead to adaptation in the condyle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and grape-seed extract (GSE) on condylar growth after functional mandibular advancement.

Methods: Forty-five rats were randomly divided into 8 groups. Functional appliances were applied to all groups (n=6) except the control group (n=3). One group was treated with appliances only; the other six groups received various combinations of ADMSCs, LLLT, and GSE. Analyses for new osteoblasts and new bone formation, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Type II collagen were performed on condylar tissues, after an experimental period of four weeks. The quantitative data obtained from the results of the experiments were evaluated by H-score and analyzed using One-Way ANOVA by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test (p≤0.05).

Results: Levels of all investigated parameters increased in all groups (p≤0.05). The highest increases were achieved by a combined application of functional appliance, ADMSCs, LLLT and GSE (p≤0.05). Single LLLT administrations or single GSE applications did not create a statistical difference from appliance alone (p>0.05). A positive effect of ADMSCs or LLLT on osteoblast formation, neovascularization, and Type II collagen level was apparent (p≤0.05), however, neither affected new bone formation (p>0.05).

Conclusion: This study shows that ADMSCs with LLLT and GSE applications provide differing levels of new osteoblast and bone formation, new vascular formation, and Type II collagen formation in rat condyles after functional mandibular advancement.

Keywords: Functional mandibular advancement; grape-seed extract; laser therapy; mandibular condyle; stem cell therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Funding: The authors declared that this study has received no financial support.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Acrylic appliance (A) was cemented on the lower incisors of experimental rats to move the mandible into a forward position during rest and function (B)
Figure 2
Figure 2
The characterization of ADMSCs immunocytochemically via CD45, Stro-1, CD44, and CD90 markers. Because of the H-score evaluation, Stro-1, c-kit, and CD105 positivity and CD45 negativity were detected ADMSCs, Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Figure 3
Figure 3
The applications of ADMSCs in the temporomandibular joint spaces (A), LLLT (B), and GSE via orogastric gavage (C) LLLT, Low-level laser therapy; ADMSCs, Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells; GSE, Grape-seed extract
Figure 4
Figure 4
Histochemical staining of experimental groups with Masson’s Trichrome; A) Control group, B) Appliance group, C) GSE group, D) LLLT group, E) LLLT-GSE group, F) ADMSCs-GSE group, G) ADMSCs-LLLT group, H) ADMSCs-LLLT-GSE group LLLT, Low-level laser therapy; ADMSCs, Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells; GSE, Grape-seed extract; NBF, New bone formation; NB, New bone; Scale bars, 20 μm
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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