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Review
. 2023 Oct:168:106762.
doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106762. Epub 2023 Jun 22.

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and resolution of viral diseases

Giulia Ferri  1 , Matteo Mucci  1 , Domenico Mattoscio  2 , Antonio Recchiuti  3
Affiliations
Review

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and resolution of viral diseases

Giulia Ferri et al. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2023 Oct.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemics has made sparkly evident the importance of acute inflammation and its timely resolution to protect humans from pathogenic viruses while sparing them from collateral damages due to an uncontrolled immune response. It is clear now that resolution of inflammation is an active process regulated by endogenous specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPM) biosynthesized from essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. Accruing evidence indicates that SPM are produced during viral infections and play key roles in controlling the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response and in regulating adaptive immunity. Here, we reviewed biosynthesis and bioactions of SPM in virus-mediated human diseases. Harnessing SPM and their proresolutive actions can help in providing new therapeutic approaches to current and future human viral diseases by controlling infection, stimulating host immunity, and protecting from organ damage.

Keywords: COVID-19; GPCR; Immunity; Inflammation; Leukocytes; Lipid mediators; Macrophages; Neutrophils; Resolution; Respiratory viruses; Viral infections.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Baltimore classification of viruses The figure represents the Baltimore classification of DNA and RNA viruses. This classification was originally proposed by the Nobel laureate David Baltimore as a scheme for organizing known viruses based on the nature of their genome and replication strategy .
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Illustration of SPM biosynthesis Precursors AA, EPA, DHA and n-3 DPA polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are converted via biosynthetic enzymes to SPM. The pie chart visualizes the members of SPM accordingly to they precursor. The size of each slice is proportionate to the number of SPM produced by the specific precursor. See text for details on each SPM structure and biosynthetic mechanisms.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
SPM receptors The figure shows molecular graphics and protein structure of identified SPM GPCR. Analyses were carried out with UCSF ChimeraX, developed by the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco, with support from National Institutes of Health R01-GM129325 and the Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
General bioactions of SPM in virus-driven infectious diseases. Shown here are main effects of SPM demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. See text for further description and references.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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