[The role of the cardiopulmonary exercise test and pulmonary rehabilitation in long COVID-19]
- PMID: 37357041
- PMCID: PMC10289121
- DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.05.003
[The role of the cardiopulmonary exercise test and pulmonary rehabilitation in long COVID-19]
Abstract
Introduction: Long COVID refers to persistent symptoms, lasting more than 4 weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, even though the infection itself has been successfully controlled and remedied. Patient complaints are diverse, and the underlying physiopathological mechanisms are not well understood. Dyspnea and muscle fatigue are among the most commonly reported symptoms.
State of the art: Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) has been recognized as a useful tool in investigation of unexplained dyspnea. In patients with chronic lung disease, pulmonary rehabilitation is a program designed to counteract dyspnea, to increase exercise capacity and to improve quality of life.
Perspectives: Publications on CPET and pulmonary rehabilitation are needed in order to deepen comprehension and enhance management of long-COVID-19.
Conclusions: CPET reports have shown that symptoms persisting in the aftermath of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection may be related to deconditioning, a common occurrence after ICU stay, to cardiac dysautonomia subsequent to critical infections and, finally, to dysfunctional breathing subsequent to mild infections. These findings justify pulmonary rehabilitation, which has proven to be effective regardless of the severity of the initial infection, not only immediately after hospital discharge, but also at later points in time.
Introduction: Le COVID long correspond aux symptômes persistants à 4 semaines d’une infection à SARS-CoV-2, alors même que l’infection est contrôlée et guérie. Les plaintes sont variées et les mécanismes physiopathologiques non totalement compris. Dyspnée et fatigue musculaire sont parmi les symptômes les plus souvent rapportés.
État des connaissances: L’exploration fonctionnelle à l’exercice (EFX) est un examen reconnu pour l’exploration de la dyspnée inexpliquée. Dans les pathologies respiratoires chroniques, la réhabilitation respiratoire a démontré son efficacité en termes d’amélioration de la qualité de vie, de la dyspnée et de la tolérance à l’effort.
Perspectives: La publication d’études concernant les EFX et la réhabilitation respiratoire est nécessaire pour améliorer la compréhension et la prise en charge du COVID long.
Conclusion: Les données concernant les EFX montrent que la persistance de symptômes à distance de l’infection aiguë par le SARS-CoV-2 peut être en lien avec un déconditionnement à l’effort, d’autant plus marqué si l’infection a nécessité une prise en charge en réanimation, une dysautonomie cardiaque dans les suites d’infections critiques ou, enfin, de respirations dysfonctionnelles, fréquentes dans les suites d’infections légères. Ces limitations justifient une réhabilitation respiratoire dont l’efficacité est démontrée, quelle que soit la gravité initiale de l’infection, dans les suites immédiates d’une hospitalisation, mais également à distance.
Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-long; CPET; Dyspnea; Dyspnée; EFX; Long-COVID-19; Pulmonary rehabilitation; Réhabilitation respiratoire.
Copyright © 2023 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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