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. 2023 Jun 26;3(6):e0000698.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000698. eCollection 2023.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and risk factors in Bantul Regency in March-April 2021, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Riris Andono Ahmad  1   2 , Citra Indriani  1   2 , Risalia Reni Arisanti  1   2 , Ratih Oktri Nanda  1 , Yodi Mahendradhata  1   3 , Tri Wibawa  4
Affiliations

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and risk factors in Bantul Regency in March-April 2021, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Riris Andono Ahmad et al. PLOS Glob Public Health. .

Abstract

COVID-19 case counts in Indonesia inevitably underestimate the true cumulative incidence of infection due to limited diagnostic test availability, barriers to testing accessibility and asymptomatic infections. Therefore, community-based serological data is essential for understanding the true prevalence of infections. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and factors related to the seropositivity in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study involving 425 individuals in 40 clusters was conducted between March and April 2021. Participants were interviewed using an e-questionnaire developed in the Kobo toolbox to collect information on socio-demographic, COVID-19 suggestive symptoms, history of COVID-19 diagnosis and COVID-19 vaccination status. A venous blood sample was collected from each participant and tested for immunoglobulin G (Ig-G) SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seroprevalence was 31.1% in the Bantul Regency: 34.2% in semi-urban and 29.9% in urban villages. Participants in the 55-64 age group demonstrated the highest seroprevalence (43.7%; p = 0.00), with a higher risk compared to the other age group (aOR = 3.79; 95% CI, 1.46-9.85, p<0.05). Seroprevalence in the unvaccinated participants was 29.9%. Family clusters accounted for 10.6% of the total seropositive cases. No significant difference was observed between seropositivity status, preventive actions, and mobility. Higher seroprevalence in semi-urban rather than urban areas indicates a gap in health services access. Surveillance improvement through testing, tracing, and treatment, particularly in areas with lower access to health services, and more robust implementation of health protocols are necessary.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. COVID-19 cases daily trend in Indonesia March 2020 –December 2021 (data source: https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/indonesia, accessed on October 4 2022).
Fig 2
Fig 2. Map of Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Seroprevalence and reported cumulative incidence of SARS-Cov-2 in April 2021 Based on District.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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