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. 2023 Jun 26;109(2):288-295.
doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0058. Print 2023 Aug 2.

Natural Infection of Nyssorhynchus darlingi and Nyssorhynchus benarrochi B with Plasmodium during the Dry Season in the Understudied Low-Transmission Setting of Datem del Marañon Province, Amazonian Peru

Jan E Conn  1   2 , Sara A Bickersmith  1 , Marlon P Saavedra  3 , Juliana A Morales  3 , Freddy Alava  4 , Gloria A Diaz Rodriguez  5 , Clara R Del Aguila Morante  5 , Carlos G Tong  5 , Carlos Alvarez-Antonio  6 , Jesus M Daza Huanahui  7 , Joseph M Vinetz  3   8   9   10   11 , Dionicia Gamboa  3   8   11
Affiliations

Natural Infection of Nyssorhynchus darlingi and Nyssorhynchus benarrochi B with Plasmodium during the Dry Season in the Understudied Low-Transmission Setting of Datem del Marañon Province, Amazonian Peru

Jan E Conn et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. .

Abstract

The persistence of malaria hotspots in Datem del Marañon Province, Peru, prompted vector control units at the Ministry of Health, Loreto Department, to collaborate with the Amazonian International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research to identify the main vectors in several riverine villages that had annual parasite indices > 15 in 2018-2019. Anophelinae were collected indoors and outdoors for two 12-hour nights/community during the dry season in 2019 using human landing catch. We identified four species: Nyssorhynchus benarrochi B, Nyssorhynchus darlingi, Nyssorhynchus triannulatus, and Anopheles mattogrossensis. The most abundant, Ny. benarrochi B, accounted for 96.3% of the total (7,550/7,844), of which 61.5% were captured outdoors (4,641/7,550). Six mosquitoes, one Ny. benarrochi B and five Ny. darlingi, were infected by Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax. Human biting rates ranged from 0.5 to 592.8 bites per person per hour for Ny. benarrochi B and from 0.5 to 32.0 for Ny. darlingi, with entomological inoculation rates as high as 0.50 infective bites per night for Ny. darlingi and 0.25 for Ny. benarrochi B. These data demonstrate the risk of malaria transmission by both species even during the dry season in villages in multiple watersheds in Datem del Marañon province.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Map of mosquito collection localities within the Datem del Marañon province, Loreto Department, Amazonian Peru.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Total number (counts) of Nyssorhynchus benarrochi B and Nyssorhynchus darlingi captured indoors (in) or outdoors (out) in Datem del Marañon, Peru, in 2019 by locality.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Average proportion of Nyssorhynchus benarrochi B collected per hour for all localities except Washientza, where Ny. benarrochi B was not collected.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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