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. 2023 May 29;13(6):588.
doi: 10.3390/bios13060588.

Low Overpotential Amperometric Sensor Using Yb2O3.CuO@rGO Nanocomposite for Sensitive Detection of Ascorbic Acid in Real Samples

Jahir Ahmed  1   2 , Mohd Faisal  1   2 , Jari S Algethami  1   2 , Mabkhoot A Alsaiari  1   3 , Saeed A Alsareii  1   4 , Farid A Harraz  1   3
Affiliations

Low Overpotential Amperometric Sensor Using Yb2O3.CuO@rGO Nanocomposite for Sensitive Detection of Ascorbic Acid in Real Samples

Jahir Ahmed et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

The ultimate objective of this research work is to design a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for the efficient detection of ascorbic acid (AA), a vital antioxidant found in blood serum that may serve as a biomarker for oxidative stress. To achieve this, we utilized a novel Yb2O3.CuO@rGO nanocomposite (NC) as the active material to modify the glassy carbon working electrode (GCE). The structural properties and morphological characteristics of the Yb2O3.CuO@rGO NC were investigated using various techniques to ensure their suitability for the sensor. The resulting sensor electrode was able to detect a broad range of AA concentrations (0.5-1571 µM) in neutral phosphate buffer solution, with a high sensitivity of 0.4341 µAµM-1cm-2 and a reasonable detection limit of 0.062 µM. The sensor's great sensitivity and selectivity allowed it to accurately determine the levels of AA in human blood serum and commercial vitamin C tablets. It demonstrated high levels of reproducibility, repeatability, and stability, making it a reliable and robust sensor for the measurement of AA at low overpotential. Overall, the Yb2O3.CuO@rGO/GCE sensor showed great potential in detecting AA from real samples.

Keywords: Yb2O3.CuO@rGO; amperometric sensor; ascorbic acid; human blood serum; vitamin C.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Survey XPS spectrum of Yb2O3.CuO@rGO NC, (b) deconvoluted spectra of Yb4d, (c) Cu2p, (d) O1s, and (e) C1s of Yb2O3.CuO@rGO nanocomposite.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) XRD patterns and (b) Raman spectra of CuO, Yb2O3, and Yb2O3.CuO@rGO NC.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FESEM image: (a) CuO, (b) Yb2O3, (c) Yb2O3.CuO, (d) Yb2O3.CuO@rGO, (e) EDS spectrum of Yb2O3.CuO@rGO; TEM micrograph from (f) CuO, (g) Yb2O3, (h) Yb2O3.CuO, (i) Yb2O3.CuO@rGO, (j) HR-TEM image, and (k) SAED patterns of Yb2O3.CuO@rGO nanocomposite.
Figure 4
Figure 4
CVs recorded at scan rate 0.05 Vs−1 in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.0) (a) CVs from bare GCE, CuO/GCE, Yb2O3/GCE, rGO/GCE, Yb2O3.CuO/GCE, Yb2O3.CuO@rGO/GCE with 40 µM AA, (b) CVs from the Yb2O3.CuO@rGO/GCE with 40 µM AA and without AA, and (c) EIS Nyquist plots acquired using various electrodes in 1.0 mM [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− in 0.1 M KCl at +0.50 V, at signal amplitude 10 mV, and with frequency ranging from 0.1 Hz to 100 KHz with a relevant equivalent circuit in the inset.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) CVs recorded using 40 µM AA in 0.1 M PBS at varying pH (6.0–8.0) at 0.05 Vs−1 scan rate, (b) Ipa vs. pH, and (c) Epa vs. pH.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Investigation of scan rate effect of Yb2O3.CuO@rGO/GCE sensor: (a) CVs recorded at different scan rates (20–200 mVs−1) with 40 µM AA in 0.1 M PBS (b) Ipa vs. v, (c) Ipa vs. √v, and (d) Epa vs. log(v).
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Yb2O3.CuO@rGO/GCE sensor’s amperometric response for AA (0.5–1744 µM) at +0.3 V potential, and (b) related calibration plot.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Amperometric (i–t) response at +0.3 V from Yb2O3.CuO@rGO/GCE sensor upon successive additions of 90 µM of AA, UA, Glc, CA, DA, Cl−, NO3−, and AA, (b) repeatability, (c) reproducibility, and (d) stability investigations.
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Schematic representation for Yb2O3.CuO@rGO/GCE−based ascorbic acid sensor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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