Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jun 2;13(6):609.
doi: 10.3390/bios13060609.

Raman Spectroscopy for Urea Breath Test

Evgeniy Popov  1 , Anton Polishchuk  1 , Anton Kovalev  1 , Vladimir Vitkin  1
Affiliations

Raman Spectroscopy for Urea Breath Test

Evgeniy Popov et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

The urea breath test is a non-invasive diagnostic method for Helicobacter pylori infections, which relies on the change in the proportion of 13CO2 in exhaled air. Nondispersive infrared sensors are commonly used for the urea breath test in laboratory equipment, but Raman spectroscopy demonstrated potential for more accurate measurements. The accuracy of the Helicobacter pylori detection via the urea breath test using 13CO2 as a biomarker is affected by measurement errors, including equipment error and δ13C measurement uncertainty. We present a Raman scattering-based gas analyzer capable of δ13C measurements in exhaled air. The technical details of the various measurement conditions have been discussed. Standard gas samples were measured. 12CO2 and 13CO2 calibration coefficients were determined. The Raman spectrum of the exhaled air was measured and the δ13C change (in the process of the urea breath test) was calculated. The total error measured was 6% and does not exceed the limit of 10% that was analytically calculated.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Raman spectroscopy; exhaled breath; urea breath test; δ13C.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The scheme of the gas analyzer (not in scale): 1—laser; 2—objective; 3—gas cell; 4—f-matcher; 5—spectrometer; 6—specimen; 7—pressure boosting system; and 8—vacuum pump.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Example of Raman spectrum–Lorentz contour fit: dots—measured values; line—Lorentz function.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Influence of SNR on a relative standard deviation of volume fraction for two methods: via intensity calculation (blue line) and via the area measurement calculation (orange line).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Correspondence of absolute error of the 13CO2 volume fraction measurement from change in δ13C and the CO2 volume fraction in exhaled air.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Noise standard deviation as a function of exposure time via different temperatures of CCD camera, points—experimental results, line—fit with Equation (6).
Figure 6
Figure 6
SNR as a function of exposure time via different temperatures of CCD camera.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Influence of spectral broadening on signal measured, red stars—with correction of spectral broadening, black dots—without correction of spectral broadening.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Raman spectrum of the exhaled air: (a) the broad range; (b) 12CO2 and 13CO2 peaks.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Results of measuring volume fraction in base and diagnostic probes for: (a) 12CO2; (b) 13CO2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Issitt T., Wiggins L., Veysey M., Sweeney S.T., Brackenbury W.J., Redeker K. Volatile compounds in human breath: Critical review and meta-analysis. J. Breath Res. 2022;16:024001. doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac5230. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chen Y., Zhang Y., Pan F., Liu J., Wang K., Zhang C., Gabriel A., Jesús M., Chen D., Cui D. Breath analysis based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensors distinguishes early and advanced gastric cancer patients from healthy persons. ACS Nano. 2016;10:8169–8179. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01441. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ligor T., Szeliga J., Jackowski M., Buszewski B. Preliminary study of volatile organic compounds from breath and stomach tissue by means of solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J. Breath Res. 2007;1:016001. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/1/1/016001. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Jaimes A.L., Durán C.M., Gualdrón O.E., Ionescu S.R. Stomach cancer detection through exhaled breath using biomarkers analysis. Chem. Eng. 2018;68:43–48.
    1. Kumar S., Huang J., Abbassi-Ghadi N., Španěl P., Smith D., Hanna G.B. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry analysis of exhaled breath for volatile organic compound profiling of esophago-gastric cancer. Anal. Chem. 2013;85:6121–6128. doi: 10.1021/ac4010309. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources