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. 2023 Jun 4;13(6):615.
doi: 10.3390/bios13060615.

Tablet-Based Wearable Patch Sensor Design for Continuous Cardiovascular System Monitoring in Postoperative Settings

Nourelhuda Mohamed  1 , Hyun-Seok Kim  2 , Manal Mohamed  1 , Kyu-Min Kang  3 , Sung-Hoon Kim  3 , Jae Gwan Kim  1
Affiliations

Tablet-Based Wearable Patch Sensor Design for Continuous Cardiovascular System Monitoring in Postoperative Settings

Nourelhuda Mohamed et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Meticulous monitoring for cardiovascular systems is important for postoperative patients in postanesthesia or the intensive care unit. The continuous auscultation of heart and lung sounds can provide a valuable information for patient safety. Although numerous research projects have proposed the design of continuous cardiopulmonary monitoring devices, they primarily focused on the auscultation of heart and lung sounds and mostly served as screening tools. However, there is a lack of devices that could continuously display and monitor the derived cardiopulmonary parameters. This study presents a novel approach to address this need by proposing a bedside monitoring system that utilizes a lightweight and wearable patch sensor for continuous cardiovascular system monitoring. The heart and lung sounds were collected using a chest stethoscope and microphones, and a developed adaptive noise cancellation algorithm was implemented to remove the background noise corrupted with those sounds. Additionally, a short-distance ECG signal was acquired using electrodes and a high precision analog front end. A high-speed processing microcontroller was used to allow real-time data acquisition, processing, and display. A dedicated tablet-based software was developed to display the acquired signal waveforms and the processed cardiovascular parameters. A significant contribution of this work is the seamless integration of continuous auscultation and ECG signal acquisition, thereby enabling the real-time monitoring of cardiovascular parameters. The wearability and lightweight design of the system were achieved through the use of rigid-flex PCBs, which ensured patient comfort and ease of use. The system provides a high-quality signal acquisition and real-time monitoring of the cardiovascular parameters, thus proving its potential as a health monitoring tool.

Keywords: analog front end (AFE); cardiovascular health monitoring; electrocardiography (ECG); heart and lung sounds; patch sensor; stethoscope; tablet-based software.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure A1
Figure A1
SIMULINK model (a) design and (b) results.
Figure A1
Figure A1
SIMULINK model (a) design and (b) results.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Block diagram of the overall system.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Block diagram shows the operational scheme of the proposed patch.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Stethoscope head design: (a) head modification; (b) head assembly.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic diagram of the H and L sound signal amplification circuit.
Figure 5
Figure 5
ECG acquisition circuit schematic diagram using ADS1298 analog front-end.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic diagram of the overall system.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) 3D view and (b) drawing of the 3D-printed case.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The different panels of the developed tablet software.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) Top view and (b) bottom view of the manufactured PCB board.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Final assembled patch sensor.
Figure 11
Figure 11
ECG/PCG signals recorded using the developed system.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Lung sound signal recorded using the developed system.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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