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. 2023 Jun 2;14(6):311.
doi: 10.3390/jfb14060311.

Bactericidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles on Oral Biofilms Related to Patients with and without Periodontal Disease

Perla Alejandra Hernández-Venegas  1 , Rita Elizabeth Martínez-Martínez  2 , Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras  3 , Rubén Abraham Domínguez-Pérez  4 , Simón Yobanny Reyes-López  5 , Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo  6 , Juan Carlos Cuevas-González  6 , Nelly Molina-Frechero  7 , León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal  6
Affiliations

Bactericidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles on Oral Biofilms Related to Patients with and without Periodontal Disease

Perla Alejandra Hernández-Venegas et al. J Funct Biomater. .

Abstract

Background and objectives: Periodontal disease (PD) is a multifactorial oral disease regularly caused by bacterial biofilms. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have offered good antimicrobial activity; moreover, there is no available scientific information related to their antimicrobial effects in biofilms from patients with PD. This study reports the bactericidal activity of AgNP against oral biofilms related to PD.

Materials and methods: AgNP of two average particle sizes were prepared and characterized. Sixty biofilms were collected from patients with (30 subjects) and without PD (30 subjects). Minimal inhibitory concentrations of AgNP were calculated and the distribution of bacterial species was defined by polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Well-dispersed sizes of AgNP were obtained (5.4 ± 1.3 and 17.5 ± 3.4 nm) with an adequate electrical stability (-38.2 ± 5.8 and -32.6 ± 5.4 mV, respectively). AgNP showed antimicrobial activities for all oral samples; however, the smaller AgNP had significantly the most increased bactericidal effects (71.7 ± 39.1 µg/mL). The most resistant bacteria were found in biofilms from PD subjects (p < 0.05). P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia were present in all PD biofilms (100%).

Conclusions: The AgNP showed efficient bactericidal properties as an alternative therapy for the control or progression of PD.

Keywords: anti-bacterial agents; biofilms; humans; metal nanoparticles; periodontal diseases; silver.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). (a,b) 5.4 nm; (c,d) 17.5 nm.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP). (a,b) 5.4 nm; (c,d) 17.5 nm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Initial growth of biofilm samples from subjects with and without periodontal disease. All values are expressed in mean and standard deviation. Asterisks indicate statistical differences (p < 0.01).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Antimicrobial activity of AgNP against biofilms associated with periodontal disease. All values are expressed in mean and standard deviation. Asterisks indicate statistical differences (p < 0.01).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Representative microdilution plate with MIC values of AgNP and CHX in oral biofilm from PD subject. Black squares represent MIC values.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Antimicrobial activity of AgNP against biofilms associated with periodontal disease and gender. All values are expressed in mean and standard deviation. Asterisks indicate statistical differences (p < 0.01).
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