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. 2023 Jun 4;8(6):307.
doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060307.

Comparison of Climate Change Scenarios of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Latreille 1806) from México and the Boarders with Central America and the United States

David A Moo-Llanes  1 , Sokani Sánchez-Montes  2   3 , Teresa López-Ordoñez  1 , Karla Dzul-Rosado  4 , Daniela Segura-Trejo  2 , Beatriz Salceda-Sánchez  5 , Rogelio Danis-Lozano  1
Affiliations

Comparison of Climate Change Scenarios of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Latreille 1806) from México and the Boarders with Central America and the United States

David A Moo-Llanes et al. Trop Med Infect Dis. .

Abstract

In America, the presence of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto and Rhipicephalus linnaei has been confirmed. Both species are found in sympatry in the southern United States, northern Mexico, southern Brazil, and Argentina. The objective of this work is to evaluate the projection of the potential distribution of the ecological niche of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato in two climate change scenarios in Mexico and the border with Central America and the United States. Initially, a database of personal collections of the authors, GBIF, Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference, and scientific articles was built. The ENMs were projected for the current period and two future scenarios: RCP and SSP used for the kuenm R package, the ecological niche of R. sanguineus s.l. It is distributed throughout the Mexico and Texas (United States), along with the border areas between Central America, Mexico, and the United States. Finally, it is observed that the ecological niche of R. sanguineus s.l. in the current period coincides in three degrees with the routes of human migration. Based on this information, and mainly on the flow of migrants from Central America to the United States, the risk of a greater gene flow in this area increases, so the risk relating to this border is a latent point that must be analyzed.

Keywords: Central America; México; R. sanguineus sensu lato; United States; climate change; ecological niche modeling.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Climate change scenarios of R. sanguineus s.l. in México. (a) Map where the current period is observed and the different RCP scenarios are added. (b) Map where the Current period in observed and the different SSP scenarios are added.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Ecological overlap and variation of the ecological niche patterns of the different RCPs and SSPs in R. sanguineus s.l. in Mexico. (a) Map of the current ecological niche and overlap by climate change scenarios. (b) Map of the variation emissions of climate change scenarios.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Overlap of the current ecological niche of R. sanguineus s.l. with the main routes of human migration in Mexico.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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