MAN has been a member of the advisory boards of Boehringer Ingelheim, Berlin-Chemie/Menarini, Eli Lilly (not related to the development of orforglipron), Medtronic, Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Structure Therapeutics (formerly ShouTi; Gasherbrum Program), and Sun Pharma; has consulted with Pfizer, Regor, Structure Therapeutics, and Sun Pharma; has received grant support from Merck Sharp & Dohme; has served on the speakers' bureau of Berlin-Chemie/Menarini, Eli Lilly, Medical Learning Institute, Medscape, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Sun Pharma; is paid for expert testimony by Allen & Overy (representing Novo Nordisk); and is a member of a data monitoring and safety board for Inventiva, outside the present work. MH declares stocks in Mirum Pharmaceuticals, a company that owns Livmarli (maralixibat), which is approved in the USA and Europe for the treatment of cholestatic pruritus in Alagille syndrome (a genetic liver disorder) and the company has work underway related to rare liver diseases, but not diabetes or obesity; declares stock options, but does not own any stock, in Glyscend Therapeutics, a company that owns orally administered, gut-targeted, polymer therapies and has work underway related to type 2 diabetes and obesity; and is a member of the scientific and clinical advisory board for Glyscend.