Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 May 31;12(6):989.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12060989.

Protective Effect of Willow (Salix babylonica L.) on Fish Resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus

Thi Minh Ngoc Mai  1   2 , Thi Bich Huyen Vu  3 , Minh Ha Le  4 , Thi Thu Hien Nguyen  2 , Thi Thu Hang Trinh  2 , Minh Hai Le  5 , Nguyen Ngoc Tran  6 , Quang Linh Nguyen  6 , Thi Hai Yen Pham  6 , Hoang Nam Pham  7 , Thi Tam Pham  2   8
Affiliations

Protective Effect of Willow (Salix babylonica L.) on Fish Resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus

Thi Minh Ngoc Mai et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Vibrio spp. cause vibriosis in many saltwater and freshwater aquatic species, such as fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus are among the few Vibrio species commonly found in infections in fish. This study aimed at investigating the chemical composition and evaluating the antibacterial activities of Salix babylonica L. The ethyl acetate (LL2) and methanolic (LL3) extracts were used to evaluate the resistance of strains as V. parahaemolyticus LBT6 and VTCC 12233, and two strains of V. alginolyticus, NG20 and ATCC 17749, and compared their efficacy with cefotaxime in order to find an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of vibriosis. The obtained results show that the LL2 extract, with its major components identified as chrysoeriol, luteolin, and β-sitosterol, exhibited a bacteriostatic effect against all the tested strains. In parallel, the LL3 extract, with the four major compounds luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, salicin, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, showed significant bactericidal activity against these four strains; the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) varied from 2.0 to 3.0 μg/mL and from 3.5 to 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the LL3 extract could effectively increase the survival rate of the challenged fish at a dose of 5% (w/w) for the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and 3% (w/w) for the sea bass (Lates calcarifer). The LL3 extract showed a potential application of S. babylonica L. in the prevention and treatment of vibriosis in fish.

Keywords: Salix babylonica L.; Vibrio spp.; antibacterial activities; fish; plant extracts.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors of the research work declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding financial support or personal relationships.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structures of isolated compounds.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Time-kill kinetics of LL3 against V. parahaemolyticus VTCC 12233.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Time-kill kinetics of LL3 against V. parahaemolyticus LBT6.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The survival rate of V. parahaemolyticus VTCC 12233 and V. parahaemolyticus LBT6 following treatment with LL3.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Time-kill kinetics of LL3 against V. alginolyticus ATCC 17749.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Time-kill kinetics of LL3 against V. alginolyticus NG20.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Survival rate of V. alginolyticus ATCC 17749 và V. alginolyticus NG20 following treatment with LL3.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Survival rate of LL3-treated zebrafish challenged with V. parahaemolyticus LBT6.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Survival rate of LL3-treated zebrafish challenged with V. alginolyticus NG20.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Survival rate of LL3-treated sea bass challenged with V. parahaemolyticus LBT6.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Survival rate of LL3-treated sea bass challenged with V. alginolyticus NG20.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Vietnam Directorate of Fisheries Report of the National Conference on Marine Aquaculture of Vietnam. [(accessed on 3 December 2022)];2022 Available online: https://tongcucthuysan.gov.vn/vi-vn/tin-t%E1%BB%A9c/-ngh%E1%BB%81-c%C3%A....
    1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics—Global Production by Production Source 1950–2015. 2019. [(accessed on 4 March 2023)]. Available online: https://www.fao.org/fishery/static/Yearbook/YB2019_USBcard/booklet/web_c....
    1. Abert V., Ransangan J. Effect of water temperature on susceptibility of culture marine fish species to Vibriosis. Int. J. Res. Pure Appl. Microbiol. 2013;3:48–52.
    1. Liu L., Ge M., Zheng X., Tao Z., Zhou S., Wang G. Investigation of V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. parahaemolyticus in large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson) reared in Xiangshan Bay, China. Aquac. Rep. 2016;3:220–224. doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2016.04.004. - DOI
    1. Manh B.Q. Research on Some Common Diseases in Marine Fish Cultured in Ba Ria—Vung Tau Province and Propose Solutions for Prevention and Treatment. Report on the Results of a Research Project in Ba Ria—Vung Tau Province. [(accessed on 13 November 2022)];2012 Available online: http://csdlqg.vista.gov.vn/kq_chitiet_du.asp?id=KQT019/10/2018%2014:13:05.

LinkOut - more resources