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Review
. 2023 Jun 19;15(12):3245.
doi: 10.3390/cancers15123245.

Phospholipase Family Enzymes in Lung Cancer: Looking for Novel Therapeutic Approaches

Sara Salucci  1 , Beatrice Aramini  2 , Anna Bartoletti-Stella  2 , Ilaria Versari  1 , Giovanni Martinelli  3 , William Blalock  4   5 , Franco Stella  2 , Irene Faenza  1
Affiliations
Review

Phospholipase Family Enzymes in Lung Cancer: Looking for Novel Therapeutic Approaches

Sara Salucci et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Lung cancer (LC) is the second most common neoplasm in men and the third most common in women. In the last decade, LC therapies have undergone significant improvements with the advent of immunotherapy. However, the effectiveness of the available treatments remains insufficient due to the presence of therapy-resistant cancer cells. For decades, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have dominated the treatment strategy for LC; however, relapses occur rapidly and result in poor survival. Malignant lung tumors are classified as either small- or non-small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC and NSCLC). Despite improvements in the treatment of LC in recent decades, the benefits of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are limited, although they have improved the prognosis of LC despite the persistent low survival rate due to distant metastasis in the late stage. The identification of novel prognostic molecular markers is crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms of LC initiation and progression. The potential role of phosphatidylinositol in tumor growth and the metastatic process has recently been suggested by some researchers. Phosphatidylinositols are lipid molecules and key players in the inositol signaling pathway that have a pivotal role in cell cycle regulation, proliferation, differentiation, membrane trafficking, and gene expression. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase enzymes and their emerging roles in LC.

Keywords: PLA; PLC; PLD; lung cancer; phospholipase family enzymes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The main products catalyzed by PLC, PLA, and PLD. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), inositol trisphosphate (IP3), diacylglycerol (DAG), lysophospholipid (LPL), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidic acid (PA).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phospholipase deregulation in lung cancer promotes inflammation, proliferation, and migration, involving different signaling pathways.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Involvement of PLC, PLD, and PLA in LC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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