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. 2023 Jun 20;14(6):1299.
doi: 10.3390/genes14061299.

Genotype-Environment Interaction and Horizontal and Vertical Distributions of Heartwood for Acacia melanoxylon R.Br

Ruping Zhang  1 , Bingshan Zeng  1 , Tianxiao Chen  1 , Bing Hu  1
Affiliations

Genotype-Environment Interaction and Horizontal and Vertical Distributions of Heartwood for Acacia melanoxylon R.Br

Ruping Zhang et al. Genes (Basel). .

Erratum in

Abstract

Acacia melanoxylon (blackwood) is a valuable wood with excellent-quality heartwood extensively utilized worldwide. The main aim of this study was to confirm the horizontal and vertical variation and provide estimated values of genetic gains and clonal repeatabilities for improving the breeding program of A. melanoxylon. Six blackwood clones at 10 years old were analyzed in Heyuan and Baise cities in China. Stem trunk analysis was conducted for sample trees to explore the differences between heartwood and sapwood. The heartwood radius (HR), heartwood area (HA), and heartwood volume (HV) in heartwood properties decreased as the tree height (H) in growth traits increased, and the HV = 1.2502 DBH (diameter at breast height)1.7009 model can accurately estimate the heartwood volume. Furthermore, G × E analysis showed that the heritabilities of the eleven indices, including DBH, DGH (diameter at ground height), H, HR, SW (sapwood width), BT (bark thickness), HA, SA (sapwood area), HV, HRP (heartwood radius percentage), HAP (heartwood area percentage), and HVP (heartwood volume percentage) were between 0.94 and 0.99, and repeatabilities of the eleven indices were between 0.74 and 0.90. Clonal repeatability of DBH (0.88), DGH (0.88), and H (0.90) in growth traits and HR (0.90), HVP (0.90), and HV (0.88) in heartwood properties were slightly higher than for SA (0.74), SW (0.75), HAP (0.75), HRP (0.75), and HVP (0.75). These data also implied that the growth characteristics of heartwood and sapwood of blackwood clones were less affected by the environment and had substantial heritability.

Keywords: Acacia melanoxylon; clonal repeatability; clones; genotype–environment interactions; heartwood; horizontal variation; sapwood; sites; vertical variation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The discs at DBH of six clones at two sites.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Measurement of heartwood radius and sapwood width of teak discs (XR: xylem radius; HR: heartwood radius; TZ: transition zone; SW: sapwood width; BT: bark thickness; N: north; E: east).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The vertical variations of (a) heartwood radius; (b) percentage of heartwood radius; (c) heartwood area; (d) percentage of heartwood area; (e) heartwood volume; (f) ratio of heartwood volume, and (g) cumulative heartwood volume planted in HY with increasing tree height or relative tree height.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The vertical variations of (a) heartwood radius; (b) percentage of heartwood radius; (c) heartwood area; (d) percentage of heartwood area; (e) heartwood volume; (f) ratio of heartwood volume, and (g) cumulative heartwood volume planted in BS with increasing tree height or relative tree height.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Relationship model between DBH and heartwood volume of A. melanoxylon.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Variation analysis of heartwood characteristics of different clones.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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