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. 2023 Jun 8;16(12):4246.
doi: 10.3390/ma16124246.

The Effect of a DC Magnetic Field on the AC Magnetic Properties of Oleic Acid-Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

Michele Modestino  1 , Armando Galluzzi  1   2 , Maria Sarno  1   3 , Massimiliano Polichetti  1   2   3
Affiliations

The Effect of a DC Magnetic Field on the AC Magnetic Properties of Oleic Acid-Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

Michele Modestino et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The AC magnetic properties of a sample of Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with oleic acid have been investigated with the help of AC susceptibility measurements. In particular, several DC magnetic fields have been superimposed on the AC field, and their effect on the magnetic response of the sample has been analysed. The results show the presence of a double peak structure in the imaginary component of the complex AC susceptibility measured as a function of the temperature. A preliminary evaluation of the Mydosh parameter for both peaks gives the information that each one of them is associated with a different state of interaction between nanoparticles. The two peaks evolve both in amplitude and position when the intensity of the DC field is changed. The field dependence of the peak position shows two different trends, and it is possible to study them in the framework of the currently existing theoretical models. In particular, a model of non-interacting magnetic nanoparticles has been used to describe the behaviour of the peak at lower temperatures, whereas the behaviour of the peak at higher temperatures has been analysed in the framework of a spin-glass-like model. The proposed analysis technique can be useful for the characterisation of magnetic nanoparticles used in several types of applications, such as biomedical and magnetic fluids.

Keywords: AC susceptibility; DC field effect; Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles; Mydosh parameter; blocking temperature; super spin glass; superparamagnetism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Temperature dependence of (a) the real part χ′(T) and (b) the imaginary part χ″(T) of the AC magnetic susceptibility at an AC field frequency of 107 Hz, an AC field amplitude of 12 Oe and without a superimposed DC field. In χ″(T) curve, the presence of two peaks in the curve is highlighted, and the temperatures associated with them are reported.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) χ′(T) curves and (b) χ″(T) curves at an AC field amplitude of 12 Oe without a superimposed DC field and at AC field frequency of 107 Hz and 9693 Hz. The curve measured at the frequency of 107 Hz is plotted with filled black squares, while the curve measured at 1077 Hz is plotted with empty red circles.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) χ′(T) curves and (b) χ″(T) curves at an AC field frequency of 107 Hz, an AC field amplitude of 12 Oe and with different DC fields superimposed. The curve measured at 100 Oe is plotted with filled red circles, the one at 400 Oe with open green triangles, the one at 700 Oe with crossed blue rhombus and the one at 1000 Oe with open purple circles. In the inset, the χ′(T) curves measured with a DC field of 700 Oe and 1000 Oe are magnified in the high-temperature region where the peaks in the curves, indicated by the arrows, are visible.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Percentage variation for T1 and T2 compared to their maximum value as function of DC applied field. The T1 percentage variation is plotted with filled black squares, while the T2 percentage variation is plotted with open red triangle.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) T1 (HDC) and (b) T2(HDC) behaviours (with associated error bars). The (red) continuous lines are the best fit obtained by using Equation (4) for both the sets of data. The points at low field that do not match with the fit are marked with an open square symbol (in red).
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