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. 2023 May 25;11(6):1389.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11061389.

Effects of Degradation on Microbial Communities of an Amazonian Mangrove

Gleyciane Machado da Costa  1   2 , Sávio Souza Costa  1   2 , Rafael Azevedo Baraúna  1   2 , Bruno Pureza Castilho  1 , Izabel Cruz Pinheiro  1 , Artur Silva  1   2 , Ana Paula Schaan  3 , Ândrea Ribeiro-Dos-Santos  3 , Diego Assis das Graças  1   2
Affiliations

Effects of Degradation on Microbial Communities of an Amazonian Mangrove

Gleyciane Machado da Costa et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Mangroves provide a unique ecological environment for complex microbial communities, which play important roles in biogeochemical cycles, such as those for carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen. Microbial diversity analyses of these ecosystems help us understand the changes caused by external influences. Amazonian mangroves occupy an area of 9000 km2, corresponding to 70% of the mangroves in Brazil, on which studies of microbial biodiversity are extremely scarce. The present study aimed to determine changes in microbial community structure along the PA-458 highway, which fragmented a mangrove zone. Mangrove samples were collected from three zones, (i) degraded, (ii) in the process of recovery, and (iii) preserved. Total DNA was extracted and submitted for 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing on an MiSeq platform. Subsequently, reads were processed for quality control and biodiversity analyses. The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes in all three mangrove locations, but in significantly different proportions. We observed a considerable reduction in diversity in the degraded zone. Important genera involved in sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen metabolism were absent or dramatically reduced in this zone. Our results show that human impact in the mangrove areas, caused by the construction of the PA-458 highway, has resulted in a loss of biodiversity.

Keywords: 16S rRNA; anthropogenic impact; deforestation; microbiome.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Location of each sampling point along highway PA-458 in relation to Brazil (red line) and the Brazilian Amazon territory (blue line). The (A) zone shows the degraded area on the left side of the road (P1), as the right side is preserved (P2). The (B) zone shows the area under recovery on the left side of the road (P3), as the right side is preserved (P4). The (C) zone shows two preserved areas on both sides of the road (P5 and P6).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Shannon alpha diversity index, (B) Chao1 alpha diversity index, and (C) Observed OTUs of all mangrove areas.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Relative abundance at phylum level in mangrove environments. (B) Differentially abundant phyla according to mangrove preservation category.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Heatmap showing phylum abundances. (B) Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of Bray–Curtis distances between different collection points in the Amazonian Mangrove. Green dotted area shows the cluster of preserved and recovery samples.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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