Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 May 25;12(6):760.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens12060760.

Efficacy of Binary Ethylenimine in the Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus for Vaccine Production in South Korea

Jae Young Kim  1 , Sun Young Park  1 , Jong Sook Jin  1 , Dohyun Kim  1 , Jong-Hyeon Park  1 , Sang Hyun Park  1 , Young-Joon Ko  1
Affiliations

Efficacy of Binary Ethylenimine in the Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus for Vaccine Production in South Korea

Jae Young Kim et al. Pathogens. .

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines must be produced in a biosafety level 3 facility, so the FMD virus (FMDV) must be completely inactivated after amplification. The inactivation kinetics of FMDV during vaccine antigen production were assessed by evaluating whether the viral titer dropped below 10-7 TCID50/mL within 24 h of binary ethyleneimine (BEI) treatment. This study dealt with four FMD vaccine candidate strains for the efficacy of BEI treatment at different concentrations and temperatures to determine the optimal inactivation condition of each virus. Two domestic isolates, O/SKR/Boeun/2017 (O BE) and A/SKR/Yeoncheon/2017 (A YC), and two recombinant viruses, PAK/44/2008 (O PA-2) and A22/Iraq/24/64 (A22 IRQ), were investigated. The O BE and A22 IRQ required 2 mM BEI at 26 °C and 0.5 mM BEI at 37 °C for complete inactivation. The O PA-2 and A YC required 2 mM BEI at 26 °C and 1 mM BEI at 37 °C. Crucially, the yield of FMD virus particles (146S) in the viral infection supernatant was higher (>4.0 µg/mL) than those previously reported; additionally, there was little antigen loss, even after 24 h of treatment with 3 mM BEI. Overall, it is considered economical to produce FMD vaccines using these four kinds of viruses; therefore, these candidate strains will be prioritized for the manufacture of FMD vaccines in South Korea.

Keywords: BEI; FMDV; vaccine.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Inactivation kinetics of four FMD vaccine candidate strains at 26 °C. The viral infection supernatant was inactivated by binary ethyleneimine (BEI) treatment, with samples taken hourly up to 6 and 24 h. The strains assessed included: (a) O/SKR/Boeun/2017 (O BE), (b) PAK/44/2008 (O PA−2), (c) A/SKR/Yeoncheon/2017 (A YC), and (d) A22/Iraq/24/64 (A22 IRQ).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Inactivation kinetics of four FMD vaccine candidate strains at 37 °C. The viral infection supernatant was inactivated by BEI treatment, with samples taken hourly up to 6 and 24 h. The strains assessed included: (a) O BE, (b) O PA−2, (c) A YC, and (d) A22 IRQ.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Knight-Jones T.J., Rushton J. The economic impacts of foot and mouth disease—What are they, how big are they and where do they occur? Prev. Vet. Med. 2013;112:161–173. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.07.013. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sharma G.K., Mohapatra J.K., Mahajan S., Matura R., Subramaniam S., Pattnaik B. Comparative evaluation of non-structural protein-antibody detecting ELISAs for foot-and-mouth disease sero-surveillance under intensive vaccination. J. Virol. Methods. 2014;207:22–28. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.06.022. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Grubman M.J., Baxt B. Foot-and-mouth disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2004;17:465–493. doi: 10.1128/CMR.17.2.465-493.2004. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Roland R., Rueckert E.W. Systematic Nomenclature of Picornavirus Proteins. J. Virol. 1984;50:957–959. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Liu Z., Shao J., Zhao F., Zhou G., Gao S., Liu W., Lv J., Li X., Li Y., Chang H., et al. Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for the Detection of Antibodies against the 2C and 3ABC Nonstructural Proteins Induced by Infecting Pigs with Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 2017;24:e00153-17. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00153-17. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources