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Review
. 2023 Jun 6;15(12):2591.
doi: 10.3390/polym15122591.

Hydrogel-Based Biomaterial as a Scaffold for Gingival Regeneration: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

Dimas Ilham Hutomo  1 , Lisa Amir  2 , Dewi Fatma Suniarti  2 , Endang Winiati Bachtiar  2 , Yuniarti Soeroso  1
Affiliations
Review

Hydrogel-Based Biomaterial as a Scaffold for Gingival Regeneration: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

Dimas Ilham Hutomo et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: Hydrogel is considered a promising scaffold biomaterial for gingival regeneration. In vitro experiments were carried out to test new potential biomaterials for future clinical practice. The systematic review of such in vitro studies could synthesize evidence of the characteristics of the developing biomaterials. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize in vitro studies that assessed the hydrogel scaffold for gingival regeneration.

Methods: Data on experimental studies on the physical and biological properties of hydrogel were synthesized. A systematic review of the PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting System for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement guidelines. In total, 12 original articles on the physical and biological properties of hydrogels for gingival regeneration, published in the last 10 years, were identified.

Results: One study only performed physical property analyses, two studies only performed biological property analyses, and nine studies performed both physical and biological property analyses. The incorporation of various natural polymers such as collagen, chitosan, and hyaluronic acids improved the biomaterial characteristics. The use of synthetic polymers faced some drawbacks in their physical and biological properties. Peptides, such as growth factors and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD), can be used to enhance cell adhesion and migration. Based on the available primary studies, all studies successfully present the potential of hydrogel characteristics in vitro and highlight the essential biomaterial properties for future periodontal regenerative treatment.

Keywords: gingival tissue regeneration; hydrogel; in vitro studies; systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic illustration of hydrogels for soft tissue regeneration. (a) Gingival recession indicated by blue arrow; (b) root coverage procedure followed by application of hydrogel-based scaffold; (c) healing of gingival tissue by the regeneration of the epithelial and the underlying connective tissue.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PRISMA flowchart for the screening protocol.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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