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Review
. 2023 Jun 11;11(6):1087.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines11061087.

A Meta-Analysis on the Association between Peptic Ulcer Disease and COVID-19 Severity

Ying Wang  1 , Jie Xu  1 , Liqin Shi  1 , Haiyan Yang  1 , Yadong Wang  2
Affiliations
Review

A Meta-Analysis on the Association between Peptic Ulcer Disease and COVID-19 Severity

Ying Wang et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

The association between peptic ulcer disease and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inconclusive across individual studies. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and COVID-19 severity through a meta-analysis. The electronic databases (Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, EMBASE, Elsevier, Cochrane Library, Scopus and PubMed) were retrieved for all eligible studies. The Stata 11.2 software was used for all statistical analyses. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by a random-effects meta-analysis model. The heterogeneity was evaluated by the inconsistency index (I2) and Cochran's Q test. Egger's analysis and Begg's analysis were conducted to evaluate the publication bias. Meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis were done to explore the potential source of heterogeneity. Totally, our findings based on confounding variables-adjusted data indicated that there was no significant association between peptic ulcer disease and the higher risk for COVID-19 severity (pooled OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.97-1.41) based on 15 eligible studies with 4,533,426 participants. When the subgroup analysis was performed by age (mean or median), there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and a higher risk for COVID-19 severity among studies with age ≥ 60 years old (pooled OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.32), but not among studies with age < 60 years old (pooled OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.89-1.50). Our meta-analysis showed that there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and a higher risk for COVID-19 severity among older patients but not among younger patients.

Keywords: COVID-19; meta-analysis; peptic ulcer disease; severity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The flowchart of study selection in this meta-analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The forest plots demonstrated that there was no significant association between peptic ulcer disease and a higher risk for COVID-19 severity (A); Subgroup analysis by age showed that there was a significant association between peptic ulcer disease and a higher risk for COVID-19 severity among studies with age ≥60 years old (B), but not among studies with age <60 years old (C). * indicates that the combined value was calculated based on data from subgroups.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Begg’s test (A) and Egger’s test (B) showed that there was no potential publication bias in this meta-analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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