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. 2023 Jun 23:26:e230030.
doi: 10.1590/1980-549720230030. eCollection 2023.

Spatial behavior of hepatitis A, MMR, and varicella vaccination coverage in the state of Minas Gerais, 2020

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Gabriela Cunha Corrêa Freitas de Oliveira  1 , Luiz Henrique Arroyo  2 , Aline Mendes Vimieiro  3 , Josianne Dias Gusmão  3 , Valéria Conceição de Oliveira  1 , Eliete Albano de Azevedo Guimarães  1
Affiliations

Spatial behavior of hepatitis A, MMR, and varicella vaccination coverage in the state of Minas Gerais, 2020

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Gabriela Cunha Corrêa Freitas de Oliveira et al. Rev Bras Epidemiol. .

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Objective: To analyze the spatial behavior of hepatitis A, measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), and varicella vaccination coverage in children and its relationship with socioeconomic determinants in the state of Minas Gerais.

Methods: This ecological study investigated records of doses administered to children, extracted from the Immunization Information System of 853 municipalities in Minas Gerais, in 2020. We analyzed the vaccination coverage and socioeconomic factors. Spatial scan statistics were used to identify spatial clusters and measure the relative risk based on the vaccination coverage indicator and the Bivariate Moran Index, and thus detect socioeconomic factors correlated with the spatial distribution of vaccination. We used the cartographic base of the state and its municipalities and the ArcGIS and SPSS software programs.

Results: Hepatitis A (89.0%), MMR (75.7%), and varicella (89.0%) showed low vaccination coverage. All vaccines analyzed had significant clusters. The clusters most likely to vaccinate their population were mainly located in the Central, Midwest, South Central, and Northwest regions, while the least likely were in the North, Northeast, and Triângulo do Sul regions. The municipal human development index, urbanization rate, and gross domestic product were spatially dependent on vaccination coverage.

Conclusions: The spatial behavior of hepatitis A, MMR, and varicella vaccination coverage is heterogeneous and associated with socioeconomic factors. We emphasize that vaccination records require attention and should be continuously monitored to improve the quality of information used in services and research.

Objetivo:: Analisar o comportamento espacial da cobertura vacinal da hepatite A, tríplice viral e varicela em crianças e a relação com determinantes socioeconômicos, no estado de Minas Gerais.

Métodos:: Estudo ecológico que considerou os registros de doses aplicadas em crianças extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Imunização de 853 municípios mineiros, em 2020. Analisaram-se as coberturas vacinais e os fatores socioeconômicos. A estatística scan espacial foi utilizada para identificar agrupamentos espaciais e medir o risco relativo pelo indicador de cobertura vacinal e o Índice de Moran Bivariado para identificar os fatores socioeconômicos correlacionados com a distribuição espacial da vacinação. Utilizou-se a base cartográfica do estado e de seus municípios e os softwares ArcGIS e SPSS.

Resultados:: Observaram-se baixas coberturas para as vacinas de hepatite A (89,0%), tríplice viral (75,7%) e varicela (89,0%). Foram identificados aglomerados significativos em todas as vacinas analisadas. Os aglomerados de maior chance de a população ser vacinada se alocaram majoritariamente nas regiões Centro, Centro-Oeste, Centro-Sul, Noroeste, e as de menor propensão para a vacinação encontram-se nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Triângulo do Sul. O índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal, a taxa de urbanização e o produto interno bruto tiveram dependência espacial com a cobertura vacinal.

Conclusões:: Há heterogeneidades no comportamento espacial das coberturas para as vacinas hepatite A, tríplice viral e varicela, e essa condição se encontra associada a fatores socioeconômicos. Destaca-se que os registros de vacinação requerem atenção e devem ser continuamente acompanhados para aprimoramento da qualidade das informações utilizadas nos serviços e nas pesquisas.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS: nothing to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Minas Gerais macro-regions, Brazil, 2020.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of hepatitis A, MMR, and varicella vaccination coverage in Minas Gerais, 2020.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Areas with spatial clusters for hepatitis A, MMR, and varicella vaccination coverage in children under two years of age, Minas Gerais, 2020.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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