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. 2023 Jun 23:118:e220210.
doi: 10.1590/0074-02760220210. eCollection 2023.

Insecticide resistance levels and associated mechanisms in three Aedes aegypti populations from Venezuela

Yasmin Rubio-Palis  1 , Nicole Dzuris  2 , Christopher Sandi  2 , Rita Lucrecia Vizcaino-Cabarrus  2 , Claudia Corredor-Medina  2 , Jesús Alberto González  3 , Audrey E Lenhart  2
Affiliations

Insecticide resistance levels and associated mechanisms in three Aedes aegypti populations from Venezuela

Yasmin Rubio-Palis et al. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. .

Abstract

Background: The massive use of insecticides in public health has exerted selective pressure resulting in the development of resistance in Aedes aegypti to different insecticides in Venezuela. Between 2010 and 2020, the only insecticides available for vector control were the organophosphates (Ops) fenitrothion and temephos which were focally applied.

Objectives: To determine the state of insecticide resistance and to identify the possible biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in three populations of Ae. aegypti from Venezuela.

Methods: CDC bottle bioassays were conducted on Ae. aegypti collected between October 2019 and February 2020 in two hyperendemic localities for dengue in Aragua State and in a malaria endemic area in Bolívar State. Insecticide resistance mechanisms were studied using biochemical assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect kdr mutations.

Findings: Bioassays showed contrasting results among populations; Las Brisas was resistant to malathion, permethrin and deltamethrin, Urbanización 19 de Abril was resistant to permethrin and Nacupay to malathion. All populations showed significantly higher activity of mixed function oxidases and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) in comparison with the susceptible strain. The kdr mutations V410L, F1534C, and V1016I were detected in all populations, with F1534C at higher frequencies.

Main conclusion: Insecticide resistance persists in three Ae. aegypti populations from Venezuela even in the relative absence of insecticide application.

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Figures

Fig. 1:
Fig. 1:. relative location of study sites and genotype frequency for the kdr mutations V410L, F1534C, and V1016I in three populations of Aedes aegypti from Venezuela. Natural Earth raster (public domain: https://www.naturalearthdata.com).
Fig. 2:
Fig. 2:. boxplots of biochemical assay results for Aedes aegypti populations. (A) Acetylcholinesterase. (B) Mixed Function Oxidases. (C) Glutathione-S-transferases. (D) Protein.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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