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Review
. 2023 Mar 21:18:e07.
doi: 10.15420/ecr.2022.50. eCollection 2023.

Coronary Microvascular Spasm: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

Shigeo Godo  1 , Jun Takahashi  1 , Takashi Shiroto  1 , Satoshi Yasuda  1 , Hiroaki Shimokawa  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Coronary Microvascular Spasm: Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

Shigeo Godo et al. Eur Cardiol. .

Abstract

Professor Maseri pioneered the research and treatment of coronary vasomotion abnormalities represented by coronary vasospasm and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). These mechanisms can cause myocardial ischaemia even in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease, and have been appreciated as an important aetiology and therapeutic target with major clinical implications in patients with ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA). Coronary microvascular spasm is one of the key mechanisms responsible for myocardial ischaemia in patients with INOCA. Comprehensive assessment of coronary vasomotor reactivity by invasive functional coronary angiography or interventional diagnostic procedure is recommended to identify the underlying mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia and to tailor the best treatment and management based on the endotype of INOCA. This review highlights the pioneering works of Professor Maseri and contemporary research on coronary vasospasm and CMD with reference to endothelial dysfunction, Rho-kinase activation and inflammation.

Keywords: Coronary microvascular dysfunction; coronary microvascular spasm; coronary vasospasm; endothelial function; endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization; inflammation; nitric oxide.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: HS is on the editorial board of European Cardiology Review; this did not influence peer review. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Funding: This work was supported, in part, by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Tokyo, Japan (21K16044).

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:. Mechanisms of Myocardial Ischaemia and Landmark Clinical Trials
Figure 2:
Figure 2:. Vessel Size-dependent Contribution of Endothelium-derived Relaxing Factors and Mechanisms of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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