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Review
. 2023 Aug;27(3):703-716.
doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.03.013. Epub 2023 Apr 23.

Bacterial Infections in Acute on Chronic Liver Failure

Simone Incicco  1 , Paolo Angeli  1 , Salvatore Piano  2
Affiliations
Review

Bacterial Infections in Acute on Chronic Liver Failure

Simone Incicco et al. Clin Liver Dis. 2023 Aug.

Abstract

Bacterial infections (BIs) are the most common precipitating event of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and a frequent complication of ACLF. BIs aggravate the course of the syndrome and are associated with higher mortality rates. For this reason, BIs should be promptly diagnosed and treated in all patients with ACLF. The administration of an appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy improves survival in patients with BIs and ACLF and is the cornerstone of treatment. Due to the spread of antibiotic resistance worldwide, the empirical treatment should cover multi-drug-resistant organisms. Herein we reviewed the current evidence about the management of BIs in ACLF.

Keywords: Acute on chronic liver failure; Liver cirrhosis; Liver transplantation; Sepsis; Septic shock.

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