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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2023 Jun 29;23(1):711.
doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-09725-9.

Impact of Watson's human caring-based health promotion program on caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia

Shahpar Bagheri  1 , Ladan Zarshenas  2 , Mahnaz Rakhshan  3 , Farkhondeh Sharif  3 , Ebrahim Moghimi Sarani  4 , Zahra Hadian Shirazi  3 , Kathleen Sitzman  5
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Impact of Watson's human caring-based health promotion program on caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia

Shahpar Bagheri et al. BMC Health Serv Res. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Background: Caring for people with schizophrenia is accompanied by challenges that impact caregiver health. We conducted this study to explore the effect of a Caring Science-Based health promotion program on the sense of coherence and well-being among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia.

Methods: This randomized clinical trial with the Solomon four-group design was conducted on 72 caregivers randomly allocated into two intervention and two control groups. A health promotion program based on Watson's theory was performed individually through five face-to-face sessions and a four-week follow-up. Settings were the psychiatric centers of the three educational, specialty, and subspecialty Ibn-e-Sina, Moharary, and Hafez hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), south of Iran. The data were collected using a demographic information form, the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the Caregiver Well-Being Scale. One-way ANOVA, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and independent t-test were used to determine the homogeneity at baseline. In the post-test, multiple between-groups and pairwise comparisons were assessed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc. Within-group comparisons were evaluated using paired t-tests. All tests were two-tailed, and the statistical level was considered 0.05.

Results: Data analysis showed that the mean scores of caregiver sense of coherence and well-being from pre-intervention to post-intervention were significantly increased in the intervention groups (p < 0.001). At the same time, there were no significant differences in the control groups.

Conclusion: The health promotion program based on Watson's human caring theory facilitated ongoing intrapersonal, and holistic caring and improved the sense of coherence and well-being in caregivers of persons with schizophrenia. Hence, this intervention is recommended for developing healing care programs.

Trial registration: https://www.irct.ir/trial/55040 : IRCT20111105008011N2 (11/04/2021).

Keywords: Caregivers; Health promotion; Schizophrenia; Sense of coherence; Watson’s Human Caring Theory; Well-being.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of the study participants
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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