Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Aug 1;19(2):2225386.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2225386. Epub 2023 Jul 3.

First-line ICIs in renal cell carcinoma

Vincenzo Fiorentino  1 , Pietro Tralongo  2 , Luigi Maria Larocca  3 , Cristina Pizzimenti  4 , Maurizio Martini  1 , Francesco Pierconti  2
Affiliations
Review

First-line ICIs in renal cell carcinoma

Vincenzo Fiorentino et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. .

Abstract

Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has radically changed, switching from interferon alfa (IFN-α) and high-dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) to new targeted therapies directed against tumoral neoangiogenesis, the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and immune checkpoints. Of note, the inhibition of immune checkpoints restores antitumor immune response, therefore promoting immune-mediated elimination of neoplastic cells. The best example of this targeted treatment is represented by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition that has become the standard of care in mRCC treatment and has improved mRCC patients' prognoses after failure of other targeted therapies. In this manuscript, we review the main therapeutic protocols adopted for mRCC, based on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone or combined with other drugs.

Keywords: Immune checkpoint inhibition.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

References

    1. Capitanio U, Montorsi F.. Renal cancer. Lancet. 2016;387:894–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00046-X. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Gill DM, Hahn AW, Hale P, Maughan BL. Overview of current and future first-line systemic therapy for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2018;19(1):6. doi:10.1007/s11864-018-0517-1. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hsieh JJ, Purdue MP, Signoretti S, Swanton C, Albiges L, Schmidinger M, Heng DY, Larkin J, Ficarra V. Renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Mar 9;3(1):17009. 10.1038/nrdp.2017.9. PMID: 28276433; PMCID: PMC5936048. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Heng DY, Xie W, Regan MM, Warren MA, Golshayan AR, Sahi C, Eigl BJ, Ruether JD, Cheng T, North S, et al. Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agents: results from a large, multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 1;27(34):5794–9. 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.4809. Epub 2009 Oct 13. PMID: 19826129. - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms

Substances