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. 2023 Jun 15:11:1142155.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1142155. eCollection 2023.

The role of hypertension in bone mineral density among males older than 50 years and postmenopausal females: evidence from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010

Shuna Li  1 , Li Li  1 , Aozi Feng  1 , Tao Huang  1 , Chong Chen  2 , Ningxia He  1 , Liying Huang  1 , Jun Lyu  1   3
Affiliations

The role of hypertension in bone mineral density among males older than 50 years and postmenopausal females: evidence from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010

Shuna Li et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a significant chronic disease that has been linked with bone mineral density (BMD) in various studies. However, the conclusions are contradictory. The purpose of our study was to identify the bone mineral density (BMD) of postmenopausal females and males older than 50 years with hypertension.

Methods: This cross-sectional study of 4,306 participants from the 2005-2010 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey explored the relationship between BMD and hypertension. Participants who had a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg, or a mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg, or were taking any prescribed medicine for high blood pressure were defined as having hypertension. BMD values were measured at the femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae as the primary outcome. Weight general linear model was used to describe the status of BMD in patients with hypertension. Weighted multivariate regression analysis was conducted to demonstrate the association between hypertension and BMD. Weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to assess the relationship between BMD and SBP and DBP.

Results: Our study found that there was a positive association between hypertension and lumbar BMD and the lumbar BMD was significantly higher in the presence of hypertension than in the control group in both males (1.072 vs. 1.047 g/cm2) and females (0.967 vs. 0.938 g/cm2; both p < 0.05), but a similar pattern was not found in the femoral neck. Meanwhile, lumbar BMD was positively associated with SBP and negatively associated with DBP both in males and females. The prevalence of low bone mass and osteoporosis at the lumbar vertebrae was lower in male patients with hypertension than in the control group. However, no difference was observed among postmenopausal females between the hypertension and control groups.

Conclusions: Hypertension was associated with higher BMD at the lumbar vertebrae in both males older than 50 years and postmenopausal females.

Keywords: NHANES; bone mineral density; gender; hypertension; low bone mass; osteoporosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart inclusion of study participants. BMI, body mass index; family PIR, family poverty income ratio.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The association between lumbar bone mineral density and systolic blood pressure.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The association between lumbar bone mineral density and diastolic blood pressure.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The association between femoral neck bone mineral density and systolic blood pressure.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The association between femoral neck bone mineral density and diastolic blood pressure.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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