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. 2023 Jul 3;28(1):219.
doi: 10.1186/s40001-023-01166-8.

Predictors of bacteremia and death, including immune status, in a large single-center cohort of unvaccinated ICU patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Antonella Frattari  1 , Ennio Polilli  2 , Giorgia Rapacchiale  3 , Simona Coladonato  3 , Stefano Ianniruberto  3 , Elena Mazzotta  3 , Alessandro Patarchi  1 , Mariangela Battilana  1 , Raffaella Ciulli  1 , Angelo Moretta  1 , Lina Visocchi  1 , Vincenzo Savini  4 , Antonella Spacone  5 , Rosamaria Zocaro  1 , Fabrizio Carinci  6 , Giustino Parruti  7
Affiliations

Predictors of bacteremia and death, including immune status, in a large single-center cohort of unvaccinated ICU patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Antonella Frattari et al. Eur J Med Res. .

Abstract

Background: We investigated the possible role of the immune profile at ICU admission, among other well characterized clinical and laboratory predictors of unfavorable outcome in COVID-19 patients assisted in ICU.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data collected for all consecutive patients admitted to the ICUs of the General Hospital of Pescara (Abruzzo, Italy), between 1st March 2020 and 30th April 2021, with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 respiratory failure. Logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictors of bacteremia and mortality.

Results: Out of 431 patients included in the study, bacteremia was present in N = 191 (44.3%) and death occurred in N = 210 (48.7%). After multivariate analysis, increased risk of bacteremia was found for viral reactivation (OR = 3.28; 95% CI:1.83-6.08), pronation (3.36; 2.12-5.37) and orotracheal intubation (2.51; 1.58-4.02). Increased mortality was found for bacteremia (2.05; 1.31-3.22), viral reactivation (2.29; 1.29-4.19) and lymphocytes < 0.6 × 103c/µL (2.32; 1.49-3.64).

Conclusions: We found that viral reactivation, mostly due to Herpesviridae, was associated with increased risk of both bacteremia and mortality. In addition, pronation and intubation are strong predictors of bacteremia, which in turn together with severe lymphocytopenia due to SARS-CoV2 was associated with increased mortality. Most episodes of bacteremia, even due to Acinetobacter spp, were not predicted by microbiological evidence of colonization.

Keywords: Bacteremia; COVID-19; Colonization; Herpesviridae; ICU; Lymphocytopenia; Mortality.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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