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Review
. 2023 Sep;23(9):481-496.
doi: 10.1007/s11882-023-01102-0. Epub 2023 Jul 4.

Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis and Updates in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches

Eleni S Vasileiou  1 , Kathryn C Fitzgerald  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis and Updates in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches

Eleni S Vasileiou et al. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2023 Sep.

Abstract

Purpose of review: In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on current scientific advances and emerging therapeutic approaches in the field of multiple sclerosis.

Recent findings: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disorder characterized by inflammation and degeneration within the central nervous system (CNS). MS is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in the young adult population. Through ongoing research, an improved understanding of the disease underlying mechanisms and contributing factors has been achieved. As a result, therapeutic advancements and interventions have been developed specifically targeting the inflammatory components that influence disease outcome. Recently, a new type of immunomodulatory treatment, known as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, has surfaced as a promising tool to combat disease outcomes. Additionally, there is a renewed interested in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as a major potentiator of MS. Current research efforts are focused on addressing the gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, particularly with respect to non-inflammatory drivers. Significant and compelling evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of MS is complex and requires a comprehensive, multilevel intervention strategy. This review aims to provide an overview of MS pathophysiology and highlights the most recent advances in disease-modifying therapies and other therapeutic interventions.

Keywords: DMT in MS; EBV in MS; Immunomodulatory therapies; MS contributors; MS pathogenesis; MS risk factors; MS therapeutic advancements; MS therapies; Multiple sclerosis.

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References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance
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