Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jul;18(3):1189-1198.
doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.10.004. Epub 2022 Oct 20.

Biocompatibility and mineralization potential of new calcium silicate cements

Byurira Kim  1 , Yong-Hyuk Lee  2 , Ik-Hwan Kim  3 , Ko Eun Lee  4 , Chung-Min Kang  1   2   3 , Hyo-Seol Lee  4 , Hyung-Jun Choi  1   2   3 , Kyounga Cheon  5 , Je Seon Song  1   2   3 , Yooseok Shin  2   6
Affiliations

Biocompatibility and mineralization potential of new calcium silicate cements

Byurira Kim et al. J Dent Sci. 2023 Jul.

Abstract

Background/purpose: As calcium silicate cements (CSCs) have been successfully used in various types of vital pulp therapy, many new CSC products have been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibilities and mineralization potential of new CSC. The experimental materials were NeoMTA Plus and EndoSequence Root Repair Material-Fast Set Putty (ERRM-FS) which were compared to ProRoot MTA.

Materials and methods: In vitro, the effects of the new CSC on stem cells were evaluated. Each CSC was prepared for cell viability testing, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, and calcium ion release assay. In vivo, the exposed pulp model was used for the partial pulpotomy procedure. Thirty-six teeth were treated with three materials: ProRoot MTA, NeoMTA Plus, or ERRM-FS. After four weeks, the teeth were extracted and processed for histologic analysis. Dentin bridge formation, pulp inflammation, and odontoblastic cell layer were evaluated and the area of newly formed calcific barrier of each group was measured.

Results: Three CSCs demonstrated similar cell viability on stem cells and the levels of ALP and calcium release were not significantly different between tested materials. ProRoot MTA and ERRM-FS showed better tissue healing process than NeoMTA Plus after partial pulpotomy, in terms of quality of calcific barrier and pulp inflammation. The outcomes from measuring newly formed calcific area demonstrated no significant differences between the materials.

Conclusion: NeoMTA Plus and ERRM-FS displayed similar biocompatibilities and mineralization potential compared to ProRoot MTA. Therefore, these new CSCs can be used as desirable alternatives to ProRoot MTA.

Keywords: Biocompatibility; Calcium silicate cement; Mineralization potential; Partial pulpotomy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relative viability of cells exposed to the extracts of calcium silicate cements diluted to each concentration. The Y axis represents the relative percentage of cell count, compared to the control, which was set at 100%. The star symbol (∗) on the chart indicates the values that are significant differences from the control (P < 0.05) by Mann–Whitney analysis. Abbreviations: DPSCs, dental pulp stem cells; ERRM-FS, EndoSequence Root Repair Material-Fast Set Putty; SHED, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) ALP activities of stem cells in each calcium silicate cement extract. The Y axis represents the relative ALP activity, compared to the control (osteogenic media), which was set at 100% (B) Calcium concentration measured in material extracts. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; DPSC, dental pulp stem cell; ERRM-FS, EndoSequence Root Repair Material-Fast Set Putty; SHED, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Hematoxylin-eosin staining for histologic evaluation of the newly formed calcific barriers after 4 weeks (A–C) shows the aspects of the calcific barriers for each test material (scale bars = 150 μm) (D–F) show magnified view of the boxed region of (A–C) respectively (scale bars = 50 μm). ERRM-FS, EndoSequence Root Repair Material-Fast Set Putty.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The comparison of areas of the newly formed calcific barrier for each material after 4 weeks. The y-axis is the value obtained by dividing the calcific barrier area by the width of coronal pulp of each tooth, for the objective comparisons (unit = μm). There were no statistically significant differences between groups. Statistical analysis with non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test was performed. ERRM-FS, EndoSequence Root Repair Material-Fast Set Putty.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Camilleri J. Hydration mechanisms of mineral trioxide aggregate. Int Endod J. 2007;40:462–470. - PubMed
    1. Parirokh M., Torabinejad M. Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature review–part I: chemical, physical, and antibacterial properties. J Endod. 2010;36:16–27. - PubMed
    1. Hasheminia M., Loriaei Nejad S., Asgary S. Sealing ability of MTA and CEM cement as root-end fillings of human teeth in dry, saliva or blood-contaminated conditions. Iran Endod J. 2010;5:151–156. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Torabinejad M., Hong C.U., McDonald F., Pitt Ford T.R. Physical and chemical properties of a new root-end filling material. J Endod. 1995;21:349–353. - PubMed
    1. Witherspoon D.E. Vital pulp therapy with new materials: new directions and treatment perspectives–permanent teeth. Pediatr Dent. 2008;30:220–224. - PubMed