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Observational Study
. 2023 Jul 5;23(1):230.
doi: 10.1186/s12876-023-02841-0.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: comparison between the first and second pandemic waves

Cristina Bezzio  1 , Marta Vernero  2 , Stefania Costa  2   3 , Alessandro Armuzzi  4   5 , Gionata Fiorino  6 , Sandro Ardizzone  7   8 , Jenny Roselli  9 , Sonia Carparelli  10 , Ambrogio Orlando  11 , Flavio Andrea Caprioli  12   13 , Fabiana Castiglione  14 , Chiara Viganò  15 , Davide G Ribaldone  16 , Fabiana Zingone  17 , Rita Monterubbianesi  18 , Nicola Imperatore  19 , Stefano Festa  20 , Marco Daperno  21 , Ludovica Scucchi  22 , Antonio Ferronato  23 , Luca Pastorelli  24 , Eleonora Alimenti  2 , Paola Balestrieri  25 , Chiara Ricci  26 , Maria Cappello  27 , Carla Felice  28 , Francesca Coppini  29 , Patrizia Alvisi  30 , Imma Di Luna  14 , Viviana Gerardi  31 , Angela Variola  32 , Silvia Mazzuoli  33 , Marco Vincenzo Lenti  34 , Simone Saibeni  35 ; Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IG-IBD)’s COVID-19 Study Group
Collaborators, Affiliations
Observational Study

SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: comparison between the first and second pandemic waves

Cristina Bezzio et al. BMC Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Background: In Italy, the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection peaked in April and November 2020, defining two pandemic waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and SARS-CoV-2 infections between pandemic waves.

Methods: Observational longitudinal study of IBD patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with established diagnoses of IBD and of SARS-CoV-2 infection were consecutively enrolled in two periods: (i) first wave, from 1 March 2020 to 31 May 2020; and (ii) second wave, from 15 September to 15 December 2020.

Results: We enrolled 937 IBD patients (219 in the first wave, 718 in the second wave). Patients of the first wave were older (mean ± SD: 46.3 ± 16.2 vs. 44.1 ± 15.4 years, p = 0.06), more likely to have ulcerative colitis (58.0% vs. 44.4%, p < 0.001) and comorbidities (48.9% vs. 38.9%; p < 0.01), and more frequently residing in Northern Italy (73.1% vs. 46.0%, p < 0.001) than patients of the second wave. There were no significant differences between pandemic waves in sex (male: 54.3% vs. 53.3%, p = 0.82) or frequency of active IBD (44.3% vs. 39.0%, p = 0.18). The rates of negative outcomes were significantly higher in the first than second wave: pneumonia (27.8% vs. 11.7%, p < 0.001), hospital admission (27.4% vs. 9.7%, p < 0.001), ventilatory support (11.9% vs. 5.4%, p < 0.003) and death (5.5% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.007).

Conclusion: Between the first and second SARS-CoV-2 pandemic waves, demographic, clinical and geographical features of IBD patients were different as were the symptoms and outcomes of infection. These differences are likely due to the different epidemiological situations and diagnostic possibilities between the two waves.

Keywords: COVID-19; Inflammatory bowel disease; Outcome; Pandemic; SARS-CoV-2.

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Conflict of interest statement

CB received lecture fees from Takeda, MSD and Janssen. AA served as a consultant for AbbVie, Allergan, Amgen, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Celltrion, Ferring, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Mylan, Pfizer, Roche, Samsung Bioepis, Sandoz, and Takeda. FF, SA and MM received lecture fees from Janssen. AO served as a consultant for AbbVie, MSD, Janssen, Pfizer, Takeda, Sofar and Chiesi. FAC served as consultant and a member of advisory board for Mundipharma, AbbVie, MS&D, Takeda, Janssen, Roche and Celgene, received lecture fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Ferring, Takeda and Allergy Therapeutics and received unrestricted research grants from Giuliani, Sofar, MSD, Takeda and AbbVie. FC served as consultant and a member of the advisory board for Mundipharma, AbbVie, MSD, Takeda, Janssen, Roche and Celgene and received lecture fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Ferring, Takeda and Allergy Therapeutics. DR served as consultant and received lecture fees from Janssen, Ferring and Errekappa. FZ received lecture fees from Alphasigma, Takeda and Janssen. SF received consultancy fees from Sofar, Zambon, AbbVie and Takeda and is a member of advisory boards for Janssen Pharmaceuticals. MD served as a speaker, consultant and advisory board member for AbbVie, Takeda, Janssen, Norgine, Pfizer, MSD, Celltrion, Roche, Gilead, Bioclinica, Ferring, SOFAR, Chiesi and Zambon. LP served as a speaker, consultant and advisory board member for AbbVie, Takeda, Janssen, Biogen, Sandoz, Fresenius-Kabi and Eli Lilly. PB served as a speaker, consultant or advisory board member for Takeda and Janssen. CR reports personal fees from AbbVie, Janssen Cilag, MSD, Recordati, Takeda and Vifor. MC served as a speaker or advisory board member for Takeda, MSD, AbbVie, Shire, Fresenius and Janssen. CF served as consultant for Amgen. GF received consultancy fees from Ferring, MSD, AbbVie, Takeda, Janssen, Amgen, Sandoz, Samsung Bioepis and Celltrion. SS received lecture fees from Takeda Pharmaceuticals and Janssen Pharmaceuticals and served as a consultant and advisory board member for AbbVie and Janssen Pharmaceuticals.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Negative COVID-19 outcomes in IBD patients, by pandemic wave
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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