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. 2023 Jul 5;18(1):40.
doi: 10.1186/s13011-023-00552-z.

Narcotics Anonymous attendees' perceptions and experiences of substitute behaviors in the Western Cape, South Africa

Deborah Louise Sinclair  1   2 , Steve Sussman  3 , Shazly Savahl  4 , Maria Florence  5 , Wouter Vanderplasschen  6
Affiliations

Narcotics Anonymous attendees' perceptions and experiences of substitute behaviors in the Western Cape, South Africa

Deborah Louise Sinclair et al. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. .

Abstract

Background: Much remains unknown about the dynamics of substitute behaviors during addiction recovery among persons attending recovery support groups. Insight into the nature, motives for, and course of substitute behaviors could help to shape recovery support and harm reduction services.

Methods: Twenty-three semi-structured in-depth interviews (n = 14 males and n = 9 females) were conducted with a convenience sample of Narcotics Anonymous attendees from a number of groups in the Western Cape, South Africa. Participants ranged in age from 22-55 years (M = 39.3, SD = 9.35).

Results: Thematic analysis yielded four themes: (i) substance-to-substance substitution; (ii) substance-to-behavior substitution; (iii) substitute behaviors and harm (reduction) and (iv) support needs to manage and resolve substitute behaviors. According to the study, participants' substitute behaviors developed across recovery stages; were temporary or long-term replacements for substance use disorders and were engaged for distraction, isolation from others, calming, assuaging boredom, keeping occupied, filling a perceived experiential void, modifying mood and to self-medicate. While substitutes were utilized for harm reduction or relapse prevention, the potential for ostensibly healthy behaviors to threaten recovery and lead to relapse was also recognized.

Conclusions: Self-monitoring, ongoing vigilance, and awareness of when substitutes become genuine addictions are critical for timely, suitable interventions.

Keywords: Behavioral addictions; Recovery support groups; Substance use; Substitute behaviors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Themes and sub-themes. Four main themes and nine sub-themes emerged from the analysis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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