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Meta-Analysis
. 2023 Jul;51(7):3000605231182884.
doi: 10.1177/03000605231182884.

High-risk human papillomavirus infection among Nigerian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Oliver Ezechi  1   2 , Folahanmi Akinsolu  1   2 , Abideen Salako  1   2 , Olunike Abodunrin  2   3 , Ifeoluwa Adewole  2 , Mobolaji Olagunju  4 , Hilary Okunbor  5 , Rukayat Sanni-Adeniyi  2   6 , Emmanuella Zamba  3 , Diana Wangeshi Njuguna  7 , George Eleje  8
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

High-risk human papillomavirus infection among Nigerian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Oliver Ezechi et al. J Int Med Res. 2023 Jul.

Abstract

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and its associated risk factors among Nigerian women.

Methods: Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched for studies published between 01 January 2001 and 31 December 2022, that had reported hrHPV infection and associated risk factors among women in Nigeria from ages of 25 to 65 years.

Results: Of the 136 records initially retrieved, 18 were eligible for analysis. The prevalence of hrHPV genotypes was 25%, and for hrHPV 16 and 18, were 9% and 10%, respectively. The prevalence of hrHPV among HIV+ve women was 71%. The most common risk factors for hrHPV were age at coitarche and multiple sex partners.

Conclusion: hrHPV prevalence is high in women in Nigeria and common among those HIV+ve. Rapid screening for hrHPV genotypes is recommended, and multivalent HPV vaccines should be considered for women.

Keywords: HIV; High-risk HPV genotypes; Human papillomavirus; Nigeria; Prevalence; cervical cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
PRISMA flow diagram for the search results. Flow diagram of study selection.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Funnel plot showing symmetrical scatter of studies with no evidence of major publication bias. Abbreviations: SE, standard error.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Prevalence of hrHPV. Abbreviations: SE, standard error; IV, inverse variance; df, degrees of freedom.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Prevalence of hrHPV16. Abbreviations: SE, standard error; IV, inverse variance; df, degrees of freedom.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Prevalence of hrHPV18. Abbreviations: SE, standard error; IV, inverse variance; df, degrees of freedom.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Prevalence of HPV16 and 18 co-infections. Abbreviations: SE, standard error; IV, inverse variance; df, degrees of freedom.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Prevalence of hrHPV31. Abbreviations: SE, standard error; IV, inverse variance; df, degrees of freedom.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Prevalence of hrHPV35. Abbreviations: SE, standard error; IV, inverse variance; df, degrees of freedom.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Prevalence of hrHPV39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 66 and 68. Abbreviations: SE, standard error; IV, inverse variance; df, degrees of freedom.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Prevalence of hrHPV among HIV-positive participants. Abbreviations: SE, standard error; IV, inverse variance; df, degrees of freedom.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Prevalence of hrHPV by region. Abbreviations: SE, standard error; IV, inverse variance; df, degrees of freedom.
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
Prevalence of hrHPV infection risk factors. Abbreviations: M-H, Mantel–Haenszel; df, degrees of freedom; CI, confidence interval.
Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Funnel plot comparing risk factors for hrHPV infection. Plot shows overall effect with 95% confidence intervals. Abbreviations: SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio.
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