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. 2023 Jul 5;13(29):20135-20149.
doi: 10.1039/d3ra03865c. eCollection 2023 Jun 29.

Effect of low dissolved oxygen concentration on the defects and composition of regenerated passive film of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under continuous wear

Xinyu Du  1   2 , Wei Shi  1   2 , Song Xiang  1   2
Affiliations

Effect of low dissolved oxygen concentration on the defects and composition of regenerated passive film of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under continuous wear

Xinyu Du et al. RSC Adv. .

Abstract

Tribocorrosion is one of the most common forms of failure of biomedical titanium alloys. As the passive film of titanium alloys is highly dependent on oxygen conditions, the passivation behavior and the microstructure of the passive film of Ti-6Al-4V under tribocorrosion in 1 M HCl with a low dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) were studied by means of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), Ar-ion etched X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), focused ion beam (FIB) milling and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results showed that the protective ability of the regenerated passive film decreased sharply under low DOC. Al and V ions dissolved in excess, and a large number of oxygen atoms entered the matrix, leading to internal oxidation. Structural characterization indicated that Ti atoms occupied more metal lattice points in the regenerated passive film and that the high dislocation density in the deformed layer caused by wear facilitated the diffusion of Al and V. Finally, the first-principles calculation showed that Al had the minimum vacancy formation energy.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of experimental method.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of atomic location for the vacancy formation energy calculation.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Potentiodynamic polarization curve of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under high DOC and low DOC in 1 M HCl solution.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Potentiostatic anodic polarization curve of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under high DOC and low DOC in 1 M HCl solution.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. 3D morphology of wear scar under different DOC: (a) high DOC, (b) low DOC, (c) the profile of the wear.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. ICP-OES analysis of element concentrations in 1 M HCl solution over time: (a) Ti, (b) Al, (c) V.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. Wear scar section under different DOCs: (a–d) element distributions of Ti, Al, V, O in the wear scar section under high DOC, (e–h) element distributions of Ti, Al, V, O in the wear scar section under low DOC.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. Statistical chart of the EPMA element distribution map after numerical treatment.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9. Cross section of the wear scar: (a and b) cross section morphology, (c–e) diffraction spot.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10. Element analysis of the wear scar section: (a–e) high DOC, (f–j) low DOC.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11. HRTEM and IFFT images of the wear scar cross-section: (a–d) high DOC, (e–h) low DOC.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12. XPS spectra of Ti-6Al-4V sputtered at different depths under different DOCs: (a) and (g) Ti 2p in the inside and outside of the wear scar under high DOC, (d) and (j) Ti 2p in the inside and outside of the wear scar under low DOC, (b) and (h) Al 2p in the inside and outside of the wear scar under high DOC, (e) and (k) Al 2p in the inside and outside of the wear scar under low DOC, (c) and (i) V 2p in the inside and outside of the wear scar under high DOC, (f) and (l) V 2p in the inside and outside of the wear scar under low DOC.
Fig. 13
Fig. 13. (a–c) Peak fitting diagram of XPS spectrum and (d) the composition percentage of Ti, Al, V of each peak at 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 nm inside and outside of the wear scar under different DOC.
Fig. 14
Fig. 14. Vacancy formation energies of different atoms.
Fig. 15
Fig. 15. Schematic diagram of element dissolution and regenerated passive film during wear.
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