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. 2023 Jul 7;18(7):e0288124.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288124. eCollection 2023.

Vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from facility surveys across six countries

Prativa Baral  1   2 , Tashrik Ahmed  3 , Pablo Amor Fernandez  1 , Michael A Peters  1 , Salome Henriette Paulette Drouard  1 , Pierre Muhoza  1 , George Mwinnyaa  2   3 , Charles Mwansambo  4 , Charles Nzelu  5 , Mahamadi Tassembedo  6 , Md Helal Uddin  7 , Chea Sanford Wesseh  8 , Mohamed Lamine Yansane  9 , Julie Ruel Bergeron  3 , Alain-Desire Karibwami  3 , Tania Inmaculada Ortiz de Zuniga Lopez Chicheri  3 , Munirat Iyabode Ayoka Ogunlayi  3 , Isidore Sieleunou  3 , Tawab Hashemi  3 , Peter M Hansen  3 , Gil Shapira  1
Affiliations

Vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from facility surveys across six countries

Prativa Baral et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Vaccine hesitancy remains a critical barrier in mitigating the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The willingness of health care workers (HCWs) to be vaccinated, and, in turn, recommend the COVID-19 vaccine for their patient population is an important strategy. This study aims to understand the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and the reasoning for vaccine hesitancy among facility-based health care workers (HCWs) in LMICs.

Methods: We conducted nationally representative phone-based rapid-cycle surveys across facilities in six LMICs to better understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. We gathered data on vaccine uptake among facility managers, their perceptions of vaccine uptake and hesitancy among the HCWs operating in their facilities, and their perception of vaccine hesitancy among the patient population served by the facility.

Results: 1,148 unique public health facilities participated in the study, with vaccines being almost universally offered to facility-based respondents across five out of six countries. Among facility respondents who have been offered the vaccine, more than 9 in 10 survey respondents had already been vaccinated at the time of data collection. Vaccine uptake among other HCWs at the facility was similarly high. Over 90% of facilities in Bangladesh, Liberia, Malawi, and Nigeria reported that all or most staff had already received the COVID-19 vaccine when the survey was conducted. Concerns about side effects predominantly drive vaccine hesitancy in both HCWs and the patient population.

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the opportunity to get vaccinated in participating public facilities is almost universal. We find vaccine hesitancy among facility-based HCWs, as reported by respondents, to be very low. This suggests that a potentially effective effort to increase vaccine uptake equitably would be to channel promotional activities through health facilities and HCWs.However, reasons for hesitancy, even if limited, are far from uniform across countries, highlighting the need for audience-specific messaging.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Epidemiological trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic in participating countries*.
*Epidemiological trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic is defined by COVID-19 deaths (JHU CSSE COVID-19 Data). Blue bars denote months during which survey data were collected. Numbers within bars denote survey rounds.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Facilities with all or most* HCWs vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine across multiple rounds in Bangladesh (July, August, September 2021), Malawi (July, October 2021), and Liberia (July, October 2021).
*Facilities were asked about vaccination uptake among HCWs through a Likert scale (“all”, “most, but not all”, “about half”, “less than half”, “none”), without quantitative references, allowing facility respondents to interpret accordingly.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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