Patient and Management Variables Associated With Survival After Postcardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adults: The PELS-1 Multicenter Cohort Study

doi:10.1161/JAHA.123.029609

Multicenter Study

. 2023 Jul 18;12(14):e029609.

doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.029609. Epub 2023 Jul 8.

Patient and Management Variables Associated With Survival After Postcardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adults: The PELS-1 Multicenter Cohort Study

Silvia Mariani¹, Samuel Heuts¹, Bas C T van Bussel², Michele Di Mauro¹, Dominik Wiedemann³, Diyar Saeed⁴, Matteo Pozzi⁵, Antonio Loforte^{6

7}, Udo Boeken⁸, Robertas Samalavicius⁹, Karl Bounader¹⁰, Xiaotong Hou¹¹, Jeroen J H Bunge¹², Hergen Buscher^{13

14}, Leonardo Salazar¹⁵, Bart Meyns¹⁶, Daniel Herr¹⁷, Marco L Sacha Matteucci¹⁸, Sandro Sponga¹⁹, Graeme MacLaren²⁰, Claudio Russo²¹, Francesco Formica^{22

23}, Pranya Sakiyalak²⁴, Antonio Fiore²⁵, Daniele Camboni²⁶, Giuseppe Maria Raffa²⁷, Rodrigo Diaz²⁸, I-Wen Wang²⁹, Jae-Seung Jung³⁰, Jan Belohlavek³¹, Vin Pellegrino³², Giacomo Bianchi³³, Matteo Pettinari³⁴, Alessandro Barbone³⁵, José P Garcia³⁶, Kiran Shekar³⁷, Glenn J R Whitman³⁸, Roberto Lorusso¹; PELS‐1 Investigators *

Collaborators, Affiliations

Affiliations

¹ Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Maastricht the Netherlands.
² Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Maastricht the Netherlands.
³ Department of Cardiac Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria.
⁴ Department of Cardiac Surgery Leipzig Heart Center Leipzig Germany.
⁵ Department of Cardiac Surgery, Louis Pradel Cardiologic Hospital Lyon France.
⁶ Division of Cardiac Surgery Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Bologna Italy.
⁷ Department of Surgical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy.
⁸ Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf Germany.
⁹ II Department of Anesthesiology, Centre of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos Vilnius Lithuania.
¹⁰ Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Pontchaillou University Hospital Rennes France.
¹¹ Center for Cardiac Intensive Care Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessels Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China.
¹² Department of Intensive Care Adults Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands.
¹³ Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Center of Applied Medical Research St Vincent's Hospital Darlinghurs New South Wales Australia.
¹⁴ University of New South Wales Sydney Australia.
¹⁵ Department of Cardiology, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia Bucaramanga Colombia.
¹⁶ Department of Cardiac Surgery University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven Leuven Belgium.
¹⁷ Departments of Medicine and Surgery University of Maryland Baltimore MD.
¹⁸ Struttura Organizzativa Dipartimentale di Cardiochirurgia Ospedali Riuniti 'Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi' Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona Italy.
¹⁹ Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiothoracic Department University Hospital of Udine Udine Italy.
²⁰ Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital Singapore Singapore.
²¹ Cardiac Surgery Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, Niguarda Hospital Milan Italy.
²² Department of Medicine and Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Clinic, San Gerardo Hospital University of Milano-Bicocca Monza Italy.
²³ Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma, Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Parma Parma Italy.
²⁴ Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand.
²⁵ Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery University Hospital Henri-Mondor, Créteil Paris France.
²⁶ Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University Medical Center Regensburg Regensburg Germany.
²⁷ Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione) Palermo Italy.
²⁸ Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Unit, Departamento de Anestesia Clínica Las Condes, Las Condes Santiago Chile.
²⁹ Division of Cardiac Surgery, Memorial Healthcare System Hollywood FL.
³⁰ Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Korea University Anam Hospital Seoul South Korea.
³¹ 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine General Teaching Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic.
³² Intensive Care Unit, The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia.
³³ Ospedale del Cuore Fondazione Toscana "G. Monasterio" Massa Italy.
³⁴ Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium.
³⁵ Cardiac Surgery Unit Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Research Hospital Rozzano Milan Italy.
³⁶ Indiana University Health Advanced Heart and Lung Care, Indiana University Methodist Hospital Indianapolis IN.
³⁷ Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital Brisbane Australia.
³⁸ Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore MD.

PMID: 37421269
PMCID: PMC10382118
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.029609

Multicenter Study

Patient and Management Variables Associated With Survival After Postcardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adults: The PELS-1 Multicenter Cohort Study

Silvia Mariani et al. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023.

. 2023 Jul 18;12(14):e029609.

doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.029609. Epub 2023 Jul 8.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Department and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Maastricht the Netherlands.
² Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Maastricht the Netherlands.
³ Department of Cardiac Surgery Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria.
⁴ Department of Cardiac Surgery Leipzig Heart Center Leipzig Germany.
⁵ Department of Cardiac Surgery, Louis Pradel Cardiologic Hospital Lyon France.
⁶ Division of Cardiac Surgery Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Bologna Italy.
⁷ Department of Surgical Sciences University of Turin Turin Italy.
⁸ Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf Germany.
⁹ II Department of Anesthesiology, Centre of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos Vilnius Lithuania.
¹⁰ Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Pontchaillou University Hospital Rennes France.
¹¹ Center for Cardiac Intensive Care Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessels Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China.
¹² Department of Intensive Care Adults Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands.
¹³ Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Center of Applied Medical Research St Vincent's Hospital Darlinghurs New South Wales Australia.
¹⁴ University of New South Wales Sydney Australia.
¹⁵ Department of Cardiology, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia Bucaramanga Colombia.
¹⁶ Department of Cardiac Surgery University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven Leuven Belgium.
¹⁷ Departments of Medicine and Surgery University of Maryland Baltimore MD.
¹⁸ Struttura Organizzativa Dipartimentale di Cardiochirurgia Ospedali Riuniti 'Umberto I-Lancisi-Salesi' Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona Italy.
¹⁹ Division of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiothoracic Department University Hospital of Udine Udine Italy.
²⁰ Cardiothoracic Intensive Care Unit National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital Singapore Singapore.
²¹ Cardiac Surgery Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, Niguarda Hospital Milan Italy.
²² Department of Medicine and Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Clinic, San Gerardo Hospital University of Milano-Bicocca Monza Italy.
²³ Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Parma, Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Parma Parma Italy.
²⁴ Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand.
²⁵ Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery University Hospital Henri-Mondor, Créteil Paris France.
²⁶ Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University Medical Center Regensburg Regensburg Germany.
²⁷ Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione) Palermo Italy.
²⁸ Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Unit, Departamento de Anestesia Clínica Las Condes, Las Condes Santiago Chile.
²⁹ Division of Cardiac Surgery, Memorial Healthcare System Hollywood FL.
³⁰ Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Korea University Anam Hospital Seoul South Korea.
³¹ 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine General Teaching Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic.
³² Intensive Care Unit, The Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia.
³³ Ospedale del Cuore Fondazione Toscana "G. Monasterio" Massa Italy.
³⁴ Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk Belgium.
³⁵ Cardiac Surgery Unit Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Research Hospital Rozzano Milan Italy.
³⁶ Indiana University Health Advanced Heart and Lung Care, Indiana University Methodist Hospital Indianapolis IN.
³⁷ Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital Brisbane Australia.
³⁸ Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore MD.

PMID: 37421269
PMCID: PMC10382118
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.123.029609

Abstract

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been increasingly used for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock, but without a concomitant reduction in observed in-hospital mortality. Long-term outcomes are unknown. This study describes patients' characteristics, in-hospital outcome, and 10-year survival after postcardiotomy ECMO. Variables associated with in-hospital and postdischarge mortality are investigated and reported. Methods and Results The retrospective international multicenter observational PELS-1 (Postcardiotomy Extracorporeal Life Support) study includes data on adults requiring ECMO for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock between 2000 and 2020 from 34 centers. Variables associated with mortality were estimated preoperatively, intraoperatively, during ECMO, and after the occurrence of any complications, and then analyzed at different time points during a patient's clinical course, through mixed Cox proportional hazards models containing fixed and random effects. Follow-up was established by institutional chart review or contacting patients. This analysis included 2058 patients (59% were men; median [interquartile range] age, 65.0 [55.0-72.0] years). In-hospital mortality was 60.5%. Independent variables associated with in-hospital mortality were age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01-1.02]) and preoperative cardiac arrest (HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.15-1.73]). In the subgroup of hospital survivors, the overall 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 89.5% (95% CI, 87.0%-92.0%), 85.4% (95% CI, 82.5%-88.3%), 76.4% (95% CI, 72.5%-80.5%), and 65.9% (95% CI, 60.3%-72.0%), respectively. Variables associated with postdischarge mortality included older age, atrial fibrillation, emergency surgery, type of surgery, postoperative acute kidney injury, and postoperative septic shock. Conclusions In adults, in-hospital mortality after postcardiotomy ECMO remains high; however, two-thirds of those who are discharged from hospital survive up to 10 years. Patient selection, intraoperative decisions, and ECMO management remain key variables associated with survival in this cohort. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03857217.

Keywords: acute heart failure; cardiac surgery; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; mechanical circulatory support; postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

**Figure 1. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves with 95% CIs.**

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Cited by

Current insights on temporary mechanical circulatory support in adults with post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock.
Mahajna A, Ott S, Haneya A, Leick J, Pilarczyk K, Shehada SE, Bolotin G, Lorusso R. Mahajna A, et al. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2025 Feb 4;27(Suppl 4):iv12-iv22. doi: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suaf005. eCollection 2025 Apr. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2025. PMID: 40302842 Free PMC article.
Neurologic complications in patients receiving aortic versus subclavian versus femoral arterial cannulation for post-cardiotomy extracorporeal life support: results of the PELS observational multicenter study.
Chiarini G, Mariani S, Schaefer AK, van Bussel BCT, Di Mauro M, Wiedemann D, Saeed D, Pozzi M, Botta L, Boeken U, Samalavicius R, Bounader K, Hou X, Bunge JJH, Buscher H, Salazar L, Meyns B, Herr D, Matteucci S, Sponga S, Ramanathan K, Russo C, Formica F, Sakiyalak P, Fiore A, Camboni D, Raffa GM, Diaz R, Wang IW, Jung JS, Belohlavek J, Pellegrino V, Bianchi G, Pettinari M, Barbone A, Garcia JP, Shekar K, Whitman GJR, Lorusso R; PELS Investigators. Chiarini G, et al. Crit Care. 2024 Aug 7;28(1):265. doi: 10.1186/s13054-024-05047-2. Crit Care. 2024. PMID: 39113082 Free PMC article.
2024 EACTS/EACTAIC/EBCP Guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery.
Wahba A, Kunst G, De Somer F, Agerup Kildahl H, Milne B, Kjellberg G, Bauer A, Beyersdorf F, Berg Ravn H, Debeuckelaere G, Erdoes G, Haumann RG, Gudbjartsson T, Merkle F, Pacini D, Paternoster G, Onorati F, Ranucci M, Ristic N, Vives M, Milojevic M; EACTS/EACTAIC/EBCP Scientific Document Group. Wahba A, et al. Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2025 Feb 5;40(2):ivaf002. doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivaf002. Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2025. PMID: 39949317 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
The absolute lactate levels versus clearance for prognostication of post-cardiotomy patients on veno-arterial ECMO.
Laimoud M, Machado P, Lo MG, Maghirang MJ, Hakami E, Qureshi R. Laimoud M, et al. ESC Heart Fail. 2024 Dec;11(6):3511-3522. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.14910. Epub 2024 Jul 9. ESC Heart Fail. 2024. PMID: 38979681 Free PMC article.
Postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients older than 70 years: Characteristics, outcomes, and variables associated with mortality.
Makhoul M, Mariani S, van Bussel BCT, Wiedemann D, Saeed D, Di Mauro M, Pozzi M, Botta L, Boeken U, Samalavicius R, Bounader K, Hou X, Bunge JJH, Buscher H, Salazar L, Meyns B, Mazzeffi MA, Sacha Matteucci ML, Sponga S, MacLaren G, Russo C, Formica F, Sakiyalak P, Fiore A, Camboni D, Raffa GM, Diaz R, Wang IW, Jung JS, Belohlavek J, Pellegrino V, Bianchi G, Pettinari M, Barbone A, Garcia JP, Shekar K, Whitman G, Bolotin G, Lorusso R; PELS-1 Investigators. Makhoul M, et al. JTCVS Open. 2025 May 3;25:163-172. doi: 10.1016/j.xjon.2025.04.004. eCollection 2025 Jun. JTCVS Open. 2025. PMID: 40631041 Free PMC article.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Lorusso R, Shekar K, MacLaren G, Schmidt M, Pellegrino V, Meyns B, Haft J, Vercaemst L, Pappalardo F, Bermudez C, et al. ELSO interim guidelines for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult cardiac patients. ASAIO J. 2021;67:827–844. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000001510 - DOI - PubMed
1. Lorusso R, Whitman G, Milojevic M, Raffa G, McMullan DM, Boeken U, Haft J, Bermudez C, Shah A, D'Alessandro DA. 2020 EACTS/ELSO/STS/AATS expert consensus on post‐cardiotomy extracorporeal life support in adult patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;161:1287–1331. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.09.045 - DOI - PubMed
1. Lorusso R, Raffa GM, Alenizy K, Sluijpers N, Makhoul M, Brodie D, McMullan M, Wang IW, Meani P, MacLaren G, et al. Structured review of post‐cardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: part 1‐adult patients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2019;38:1125–1143. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.08.014 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Meani P, Matteucci M, Jiritano F, Fina D, Panzeri F, Raffa GM, Kowalewski M, Morici N, Viola G, Sacco A, et al. Long‐term survival and major outcomes in post‐cardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for adult patients in cardiogenic shock. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2019;8:116–122. doi: 10.21037/acs.2018.12.04 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Vallabhajosyula S, Arora S, Sakhuja A, Lahewala S, Kumar V, Shantha GPS, Egbe AC, Stulak JM, Gersh BJ, Gulati R, et al. Trends, predictors, and outcomes of temporary mechanical circulatory support for postcardiac surgery cardiogenic shock. Am J Cardiol. 2019;123:489–497. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.10.029 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Associated data

Actions
- Search in PubMed
- Search in ClinicalTrials.gov

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Medical
- ClinicalTrials.gov
- MedlinePlus Health Information

[1] Lorusso R, Shekar K, MacLaren G, Schmidt M, Pellegrino V, Meyns B, Haft J, Vercaemst L, Pappalardo F, Bermudez C, et al. ELSO interim guidelines for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult cardiac patients. ASAIO J. 2021;67:827–844. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000001510 - DOI - PubMed

[2] Lorusso R, Shekar K, MacLaren G, Schmidt M, Pellegrino V, Meyns B, Haft J, Vercaemst L, Pappalardo F, Bermudez C, et al. ELSO interim guidelines for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult cardiac patients. ASAIO J. 2021;67:827–844. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000001510 - DOI - PubMed

[3] Lorusso R, Whitman G, Milojevic M, Raffa G, McMullan DM, Boeken U, Haft J, Bermudez C, Shah A, D'Alessandro DA. 2020 EACTS/ELSO/STS/AATS expert consensus on post‐cardiotomy extracorporeal life support in adult patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;161:1287–1331. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.09.045 - DOI - PubMed

[4] Lorusso R, Whitman G, Milojevic M, Raffa G, McMullan DM, Boeken U, Haft J, Bermudez C, Shah A, D'Alessandro DA. 2020 EACTS/ELSO/STS/AATS expert consensus on post‐cardiotomy extracorporeal life support in adult patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;161:1287–1331. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.09.045 - DOI - PubMed

[5] Lorusso R, Raffa GM, Alenizy K, Sluijpers N, Makhoul M, Brodie D, McMullan M, Wang IW, Meani P, MacLaren G, et al. Structured review of post‐cardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: part 1‐adult patients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2019;38:1125–1143. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.08.014 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Lorusso R, Raffa GM, Alenizy K, Sluijpers N, Makhoul M, Brodie D, McMullan M, Wang IW, Meani P, MacLaren G, et al. Structured review of post‐cardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: part 1‐adult patients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2019;38:1125–1143. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.08.014 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Meani P, Matteucci M, Jiritano F, Fina D, Panzeri F, Raffa GM, Kowalewski M, Morici N, Viola G, Sacco A, et al. Long‐term survival and major outcomes in post‐cardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for adult patients in cardiogenic shock. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2019;8:116–122. doi: 10.21037/acs.2018.12.04 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Meani P, Matteucci M, Jiritano F, Fina D, Panzeri F, Raffa GM, Kowalewski M, Morici N, Viola G, Sacco A, et al. Long‐term survival and major outcomes in post‐cardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for adult patients in cardiogenic shock. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2019;8:116–122. doi: 10.21037/acs.2018.12.04 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Vallabhajosyula S, Arora S, Sakhuja A, Lahewala S, Kumar V, Shantha GPS, Egbe AC, Stulak JM, Gersh BJ, Gulati R, et al. Trends, predictors, and outcomes of temporary mechanical circulatory support for postcardiac surgery cardiogenic shock. Am J Cardiol. 2019;123:489–497. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.10.029 - DOI - PubMed

[10] Vallabhajosyula S, Arora S, Sakhuja A, Lahewala S, Kumar V, Shantha GPS, Egbe AC, Stulak JM, Gersh BJ, Gulati R, et al. Trends, predictors, and outcomes of temporary mechanical circulatory support for postcardiac surgery cardiogenic shock. Am J Cardiol. 2019;123:489–497. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.10.029 - DOI - PubMed

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Patient and Management Variables Associated With Survival After Postcardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adults: The PELS-1 Multicenter Cohort Study

Collaborators

Affiliations

Patient and Management Variables Associated With Survival After Postcardiotomy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adults: The PELS-1 Multicenter Cohort Study

Authors

Collaborators

Affiliations

Abstract

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Associated data

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Abstract

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Associated data

Related information

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical