Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Jun 1;V18(3):653-686.
doi: 10.26603/001c.74528. eCollection 2023.

Cross-Culturally Adapted Versions of Patient Reported Outcome Measures for the Lower Extremity

Yongni Zhang  1 , Jiayi Ren  2 , Yaning Zang  3 , Wenhao Guo  1 , Ashley Disantis  4   5 , Robroy L Martin  4   6
Affiliations

Cross-Culturally Adapted Versions of Patient Reported Outcome Measures for the Lower Extremity

Yongni Zhang et al. Int J Sports Phys Ther. .

Abstract

Background: A large number of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been developed in the English language for various lower extremity orthopaedic pathologies. Twenty different PROMs were recommended for 15 specific musculoskeletal lower extremity pathologies or surgeries. However, the availability of cross-culturally adapted versions of these recommended PROMs is unknown.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the cross-culturally adapted versions of recommended PROMs for individuals experiencing orthopedic lower extremity pathologies or undergoing surgeries, and to identify the psychometric evidence that supports their utilization.

Study design: Literature Review.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, SPORTDisucs and Scopus were searched for cross-culturally adapted translated studies through May 2022. The search strategy included the names of the 20 recommended PROMs from previous umbrella review along with the following terms: reliability, validity, responsiveness, psychometric properties and cross-cultural adaptation. Studies that presented a non-English language version of the PROM with evidence in at least one psychometric property to support its use were included. Two authors independently evaluated the studies for inclusion and independently extracted data.

Results: Nineteen PROMS had cross-culturally adapted and translated language versions. The KOOS, WOMAC, ACL-RSL, FAAM, ATRS, HOOS, OHS, MOXFQ and OKS were available in over 10 different language versions. Turkish, Dutch, German, Chinese and French were the most common languages, with each language having more than 10 PROMs with psychometric properties supporting their use. The WOMAC and KOOS were both available in 10 languages and had all three psychometric properties of reliability, validity, and responsiveness supporting their use.

Conclusion: Nineteen of the 20 recommended instruments were available in multiple languages. The PROM most frequently cross-culturally adapted and translated were the KOOS and WOMAC. PROMs were most frequently cross-culturally adapted and translated into Turkish. International researchers and clinicians may use this information to more consistently implement PROMs with the most appropriate psychometric evidence available to support their use.

Level of evidence: 3a.

Keywords: PROMs; cross-culturally adapted; language version; lower extremity.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors certify that they have no affiliations with or financial involvement in any organization or entity with a direct financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in the article

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. PRISMA Search Diagram
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Number of Language Versions Available for Recommended Patient Reported Outcome Measures
Abbreviations: ACL-RSI,ACL-Return to Sport after Injury Scale; ADLS, Activities of Daily Living Scale; A-FORM, Ankle-fracture outcome of rehabilitation measure; AKPS, Anterior Knee Pain Scale; ATRS, Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score; FAAM, Functional Ankle Ability Measure; FADI, Foot and Ankle Disability Index; HAGOS, The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score; HOS, Hip Outcome Score; HOOS, Hip dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; IHOT, International Hip Outcome Tool; KOOS, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; MOXFQ, The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire; NAHS, Non-Arthritic Hip Score; OHS, Oxford hip score; OKS, Oxford Knee Score; SEFAS, Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score; WOMAC, The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; WORQ, The Work Osteoarthritis or joint replacement questionnaire
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Number of Language Versions Available for Recommended Cross-culturally Adapted Patient Reported Outcome Measures
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Ueland TE, Disantis A, Carreira DS, Martin RL. Patient-reported outcome measures and clinically important outcome values in hip arthroscopy: a systematic review. JBJS Rev. 2021;9(1):e20.00084. doi:10.2106/jbjs.rvw.20.00084 - PubMed
    1. Martin RL, Irrgang JJ. A survey of self-reported outcome instruments for the foot and ankle. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37(2):72-84. doi:10.2519/jospt.2007.2403 - PubMed
    1. Thorborg K, Tijssen M, Habets B, et al. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires for young to middle-aged adults with hip and groin disability: a systematic review of the clinimetric evidence. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(12):812. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-094224 - PubMed
    1. Harris K, Dawson J, Gibbons E, et al. Systematic review of measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures used in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty. Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2016;7:101-108. doi:10.2147/prom.s97774 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gagnier JJ, Shen Y, Huang H. Psychometric Properties of patient-reported outcome measures for use in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a systematic review. JBJS Rev. 2018;6(4):e5. doi:10.2106/jbjs.rvw.17.00114 - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources