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. 2023 Jun;30(3):167-175.
doi: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.3.15. Epub 2023 Jun 27.

Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Mortality in Manjung District, Perak, Malaysia

Asraf Ahmad Qamruddin  1 , Gregory Xavier  1 , Syed Mohammad Zahid  1
Affiliations

Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Mortality in Manjung District, Perak, Malaysia

Asraf Ahmad Qamruddin et al. Malays J Med Sci. 2023 Jun.

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease which contributes to a major cause of ill health. Worldwide, it is one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious agent.

Objectives: The study aimed to describe the epidemiology and factors associated with TB mortality in Manjung district, Perak, Malaysia.

Methods: All confirmed TB cases from 2015 to 2020 registered in Manjung district under Sistem Maklumat Tibi (MyTB) were included. Factors associated with TB mortality were analysed by using simple and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results: A total of 742 TB cases were included in the analysis, from which 121 cases (16.3%) died before completing their treatment. The highest death was reported in 2020 (25.7%) and the lowest in 2019 (12.9%). From multiple logistic regression analysis, age 45 years old-64 years old (adjusted OR = 3.62; 95% CI: 1.38, 9.54), > 65 years old (adjusted OR = 8.67; 95% CI: 3.17, 23.74), non-Malaysian (adjusted OR = 5.18; 95% CI: 2.04, 13.14), cases notified by government hospitals (adjusted OR = 6.78; 95% CI: 3.04, 15.09), HIV-positive status (adjusted OR = 8.60; 95% CI: 3.58, 20.67) and HIV testing not offered/unknown (adjusted OR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.18, 5.62) were significantly associated with TB mortality.

Conclusion: This study found that TB patients who were 45 years old and above, positive HIV, late diagnosis and are foreigners had a higher risk for TB mortality. Early diagnosis, optimised screening and close monitoring should be practised to reduce TB mortality.

Keywords: risk factors; tuberculosis; tuberculosis mortality.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of 822 patients with TB reported to the Malaysia TBIS between 2005 and 2010
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cases with patients who were alive and died at the end of treatment according to year
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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