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Review
. 2023 Jul 3:18:3643-3662.
doi: 10.2147/IJN.S412717. eCollection 2023.

Advances in Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosome on Immune Cells in Scar Formation

Wen Zhao #  1   2 , Huimin Zhang #  1   2 , Rui Liu  1   2 , Rongtao Cui  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Advances in Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosome on Immune Cells in Scar Formation

Wen Zhao et al. Int J Nanomedicine. .

Abstract

Pathological scars are the result of over-repair and excessive tissue proliferation of the skin injury. It may cause serious dysfunction, resulting in psychological and physiological burdens on the patients. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) displayed a promising therapeutic effect on wound repair and scar attenuation. But the regulatory mechanisms are opinions vary. In view of inflammation has long been proven as the initial factor of wound healing and scarring, and the unique immunomodulation mechanism of MSC-Exo, the utilization of MSC-Exo may be promising therapeutic for pathological scars. However, different immune cells function differently during wound repair and scar formation. The immunoregulatory mechanism of MSC-Exo would differ among different immune cells and molecules. Herein, this review gave a comprehensive summary of MSC-Exo immunomodulating different immune cells in wound healing and scar formation to provide basic theoretical references and therapeutic exploration of inflammatory wound healing and pathological scars.

Keywords: exosomes; immune cells; immunoregulation; inflammation; scars.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Functions of MSC-Exo in regulating the biological activities of fibroblasts.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Immunoregulatory mechanisms of different immune cells in scar formation. a) Immunoregulatory mechanisms of macrophage in scar formation. b) Immunoregulatory mechanisms of mast cell in scar formation. c) Immunoregulatory mechanisms of T lymphocyte in scar formation. d) Landscape of macrophage, mast cell and T cell result in scar formation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Functions of MSC-Exo in regulating the biological activities of different immune cells in scar formation.
Figure 4
Figure 4
cGAS-STING pathway induced inflammatory effects in fibroblasts.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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